Abstract:

Emerging technology risks constitute a "perpetual topic" in the process of human scientific and technological innovation. As a kind of "processual existence," it is urgent to clarify the process mechanism through which emerging technology risks are established from the perspective of social construction. Based on the social construction paradigm, this study constructs a processual explanatory framework, revealing that the social construction of emerging technology risks involves a process of "risk generation, risk rhetoric, and risk perception." It also presents a derivation logic where risk states gradually "externalize, objectify, and socialize" as they connect across the levels of "macro society, meso-subjects, and micro-individuals." Specifically, the generation of emerging technology risks has a clear "field" within the social system, giving rise to multiple types of risk patterns through systemic interactions. The rhetoric and interpretation of emerging technology risks are based on the strategies of multi-subject discourse construction and translation links, essentially representing a "discourse competition" for the power to interpret risks. The public's perception of risks associated with emerging technologies is a specific risk perception state formed by the interweaving of the "objective knowledge path" and the "simplified mechanism of trust" under information stimulation. The governance of emerging technology risks urgently requires logical transformation and paradigm transcendence. From a macro-structural perspective, it is necessary to adhere to the balanced logic of "systematic equilibrium," achieving "dimensional balance" and "intensity balance" among systems. From a meso-subject perspective, it is crucial to establish a collaborative logic for the division of labor among subjects, forming an "expanded knowledge community" to facilitate the integration of "public knowledge." From a micro-individual perspective, it is essential to adhere to the neutralizing logic of cognitive adaptation, bringing the public's perception of emerging technology risks "back" to a non-polarized rational space.

Key words: emerging technology risks, emerging technology governance, social construction, risk perception

摘要：

新兴技术风险是人类科技创新过程的“永恒议题”,作为一种“过程性存在”,亟待从社会建构视角厘清新兴技术风险如何确立的过程机理。研究基于社会建构范式构建过程性解释框架,揭示了新兴技术风险的社会建构是一个“风险生成-风险修辞-风险认知”的过程,并呈现出随着“宏观社会-中观主体-微观个体”层次衔接,其风险状态逐渐“外化-客观化-社会化”衍生逻辑。具体而言,新兴技术风险的生成具有清晰的社会系统“场域”,在系统交互的作用下生成多类型的风险样态。新兴技术风险的修辞与诠释建立在多主体话语建构与转译链接策略基础之上,其本质属于风险解释权的“话语竞争”。公众对新兴技术的风险认知是信息刺激下“客观知识路径”与“信任的简化机制”的相互交织所形成的某种特定风险认知状态。新兴技术风险治理亟待实现逻辑转换与范式超越,需从宏观结构视角恪守“系统平衡”的兼顾逻辑,做到系统间的“维度平衡”与“强度平衡”,在中观主体视角确定主体分工的协同逻辑,形成“扩展的知识共同体”,促进“公共性知识”的集成,在微观个体视角需坚持认知调适的中和逻辑,将公众的新兴技术风险认知“拉回”非极化的理性空间。

关键词: 新兴技术风险, 新兴技术治理, 社会建构, 风险认知