Abstract: This study focuses on the innovation practices of specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative “little giant” enterprises in the era of big science. Based on the theory of knowledge recombination, it delves into the impact of disciplinary diversity in scientific collaboration on radical technological innovation in these enterprises. Through empirical analysis of unbalanced panel data from 2,464 “little giant” enterprises in the new materials field spanning from 2000 to 2018, the study finds that disciplinary diversity in scientific collaboration has a positive effect on radical technological innovation in “little giant” enterprises, with knowledge complementarity partially mediates this relationship. Additionally, the intensity of intellectual property protection negatively moderates the relationship between disciplinary diversity and knowledge complementarity, while technological turbulence positively moderates the relationship between knowledge complementarity and radical technological innovation in enterprises. This study not only elucidates the mechanism through which disciplinary diversity in scientific collaboration influences technological innovation in “little giant” enterprises but also reveals the boundary conditions of this mechanism. The conclusions of this paper contribute to a deeper understanding of the facilitating role of interdisciplinary scientific collaboration in technological innovation among small and medium-sized enterprises.

摘要： 本研究聚焦大科学时代专精特新“小巨人”企业的创新实践，基于知识重组理论，深入探讨科学合作的学科多样性对企业突破式技术创新的影响。通过对2,464家新材料领域“小巨人”企业在2000年至2018年的非平衡面板数据进行分析，研究发现：科学合作的学科多样性对“小巨人”企业突破式技术创新具有积极作用，其中知识互补性起到了部分中介作用。同时，知识产权保护强度负向调节学科多样性与知识互补性之间的关系，而技术动荡性正向调节知识互补性与企业突破式技术创新之间的关系。本研究不仅阐明了科学合作的学科多样性对“小巨人”企业突破式技术创新的作用机制，同时揭示出该作用机制的边界条件。本文结论有助于进一步理解科学合作的学科多样性对中小企业技术创新的助推作用。