Abstract: The artificial intelligence industry is a typical representative of future industries and a strategic emerging industry that leads economic innovation and enhances national competitiveness. As a disruptive technology, generative artificial intelligence has become an important direction for the development of the artificial intelligence industry. Taking 23 provinces and cities in China as the research objects, this paper adopts the TOE theoretical framework and introduces the fsQCA method to explore the high-efficiency development path of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry from a configuration perspective. The research found that: (1) The generative artificial intelligence industry has four typical characteristics: innovation leadership, ecological synergy, radiation empowerment and market explosiveness. (2) There are five paths for the high-efficiency development of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry: organization-environment dual-wheel drive, technology-environment dominant, technology-environment synergy, factor aggregation comprehensive drive, and environment support. (3) Through configuration comparison, it is found that the high-efficiency development of China’s generative artificial intelligence industry requires the coordination of multi-dimensional factors, and the advantage of a single factor is difficult to support its sustainable development. The research conclusions provide policy basis and theoretical guidance for the government to formulate industrial development policies and enterprises to make the next strategic planning.

摘要： 人工智能产业是未来产业的典型代表，是引领经济创新、增强国家竞争力的战略性新兴产业。生成式人工智能作为一项颠覆性技术，已成为人工智能产业发展的重要方向。以中国23个省市作为研究对象，采用TOE理论框架并引入fsQCA方法，从组态视角探究中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展路径。研究发现：（1）生成式人工智能产业具有创新引领性、生态协同性、辐射赋能性和市场爆发性四个典型特征。（2）中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展存在组织—环境双轮驱动型、技术—环境主导型、技术—环境协同型、要素集聚综合驱动型以及环境支撑型五种路径。（3）通过组态比较发现中国生成式人工智能产业高效率发展需要多维度要素的协同配合，单一要素优势难以支撑其可持续发展。研究结论为政府制定产业发展政策和企业制定未来战略规划提供了政策依据和理论指导。