Abstract: The scientific literacy of citizens significantly influences individual perceptions of climate change. This paper conducts an empirical study on the relationship between these two variables based on data from the 2023 Science, Technology and Society Barometer Survey. The findings reveal that scientific literacy has a notable positive impact on individuals' perceptions of climate change. Mechanism analysis indicates that improvements in scientific literacy affect climate change perception through increased scientific interest, trust in science, and trust in scientists, thereby exerting a positive influence. Heterogeneity analysis shows that, at the individual level, the positive impact of scientific literacy on climate change perception is greater for males, individuals with a bachelor's degree or higher, and younger individuals compared to females, those with less than a bachelor's degree, and older age groups. At the regional level, scientific literacy positively influences climate change perception in the eastern, central, and western regions, with the degree of influence being strongest in the eastern region, followed by the western and central regions, while the positive impact in the northeastern region lacks statistical significance. Enhancing citizens' scientific literacy and trust in science, thereby guiding behavioral changes to address the global issue of climate change, can be achieved through strengthening climate change education, promoting the practice of low-carbon lifestyles, and building professional scientific communities.

摘要： 公民的科学素养是否会对个体的气候变化感知产生重要影响，本文基于2023年科技与社会晴雨表调查的数据，对二者之间的关系进行实证研究。研究发现，科学素养对个体的气候变化感知具有显著的正向影响，机制分析表明，科学素养的提升通过科学兴趣、科学信任与科学家信任，进而作用于个体的气候变化感知，对其产生正向影响。异质性分析发现，在个体层面，科学素养给男性、本科及以上个体、年轻人气候变化感知带来的正向影响大于女性、本科以下个体、年龄稍长的个体。在区域层面，科学素养在东部地区、中部地区、西部地区对气候变化感知具有正向影响，影响程度上东部大于西部大于中部，在东北地区的正向影响不具备统计上的显著性。可以通过加强气候变化教育、践行低碳生活理念、构建专业的科学共同体，提升公民的科学素养与科学信任度，引导公民行为改变，应对气候变化这一国际性问题。