Abstract: As the main participants in regional innovation capacity building, local governments' fiscal science and technology expenditures support basic research, major technological research and the transformation of innovation achievements, playing a role in reducing innovation risks, making up for market failures and enhancing regional innovation capabilities. This paper analyzes the current situation of central and local fiscal science and technology expenditures and the current situation of vertical fiscal imbalance in the three major regions, and then conducts an empirical study and empirical analysis on the impact of fiscal science and technology expenditures on regional innovation capabilities. The research finds that the promoting effect of local fiscal science and technology expenditure on the innovation capacity of the eastern and central regions is significantly greater than that of the western region. Basic research expenditure JCYJ and applied research expenditure YYYJ have a positive incentive effect on the improvement of regional innovation capacity, while technology research and development expenditure JSYJ has a negative effect on the improvement of regional innovation capacity. The vertical fiscal imbalance in the western region plays a significant negative moderating role in the improvement of regional innovation capacity by fiscal science and technology expenditure. Put forward policy opinions on optimizing the structure and scale of local fiscal science and technology expenditure, enhancing regional innovation capabilities, and optimizing the division of fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities, as well as moderately reducing the level of vertical fiscal imbalance.

摘要： 地方政府的财政科技支出支持基础研究、重大技术研究和创新成果转化，起到降低创新风险、弥补市场失灵和提升区域创新能力的作用。本文对中央和地方财政科技支出及三大区域财政纵向失衡水平现状分析，然后实证研究财政科技支出对区域创新能力的影响。研究发现：地方财政科技支出对东部和中部区域创新能力的促进作用显著大于西部地区；基础研究支出JCYJ和应用研究支出YYYJ对区域创新能力的提升有正向激励作用，而技术研究与开发支出JSYJ对区域创新能力的提升有负向作用。西部地区财政纵向失衡在财政科技支出对区域创新能力提升中起显著的负向调节作用。提出优化地方财政科技支出结构和规模，优化财政事权和支出责任划分、适度降低财政纵向失衡水平的政策意见。