Abstract: As an intrinsic requirement and a crucial focal point for achieving high-level technological self-reliance and driving high-quality economic and social development in China, the cultivation and formation of new quality productive forces confront theoretical and practical challenges that demand urgent resolution. This process critically requires revolutionary technological breakthroughs to provide dynamic support for its advancement. Consequently, understanding technological formation mechanisms and promoting the emergence of disruptive technologies have become pivotal issues in China's innovation-driven development. Grounded in knowledge recombination theory, this study investigates the impact of knowledge recombination characteristics (knowledge distance and knowledge diversity) on the formation of breakthrough technologies at both knowledge and inventor levels, while examining the moderating role of inventor collaboration intensity (inter-organizational and intra-organizational cooperation). Utilizing patent data from the U.S. synthetic biology sector (2004–2021) for empirical validation, our findings reveal: (1) Both knowledge distance and diversity exhibit inverted U-shaped relationships with breakthrough technology formation; (2) Inter-organizational collaboration intensity reinforces these inverted U-shaped relationships between knowledge recombination characteristics and technological breakthroughs, whereas intra-organizational collaboration demonstrates no significant moderating effect. This research enriches theoretical understanding of breakthrough technology origins and provides practical insights for R&D professionals seeking technological breakthroughs through collaborative innovation.

摘要： 作为实现高水平科技自立自强和推动我国经济社会高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，新质生产力的培育和形成面临亟待破解的理论与现实难题，迫切需要技术革命性突破为其发展提供动力支撑。因此，把握技术形成机理，促进突破性技术涌现成为我国创新发展的重要问题。本文基于知识重组理论，从知识和发明人两个层面出发，分析知识重组特征（知识距离、知识多样性）对突破性技术形成的影响，以及发明人合作强度（组织间合作、组织内合作）的调节作用。本研究以2004-2021年美国合成生物学领域专利数据为样本进行实证检验，结果表明：知识距离、知识多样性均与突破性技术形成呈倒U型关系，且组织间合作强度强化了知识重组（知识距离、知识多样性）与突破性技术形成间的倒U型关系，但组织内合作强度不起作用。本研究丰富了突破性技术形成来源相关研究，为研发人员通过合作实现技术突破提供理论支持和实践启示。