Abstract: As critical platforms for national efforts in core technology breakthroughs, advancing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and fostering novel productive forces, the spatial agglomeration of major scientific facilities plays a pivotal role in driving technological innovation within strategic emerging industries. Taking multiple technological innovations in the urban low-altitude economy as a case study, this research utilizes panel data from 118 cities across five national-level urban clusters from 2010 to 2023. First, we measure and identify multidimensional innovation indicators and the full-chain innovation ecosystem in low-altitude economy technologies using patent application data for low-altitude economy inventions and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling. Subsequently, a causal forest model is constructed to infer the multidimensional mechanisms through which major scientific facility agglomeration influences the low-altitude economy. Key findings include: (1) The agglomeration of major scientific facilities significantly promotes disruptive, quasi-disruptive, and supportive technological innovations in the urban low-altitude economy. (2) Such agglomeration enhances both the quality-scale value and unit value of technological innovations in this field. (3) Current low-altitude economy innovation chains in China comprise 14 technical themes, with facility agglomeration positively driving evolutionary advancements in 8 key areas, including UAV foundational structures, vibration-damping systems, and UAV remote sensing mapping.

摘要： 大科学装置作为国家开展关键核心技术攻关、助推高水平科技自立自强和新质生产力催生的重要平台，其空间集聚对战略性新兴产业技术创新发展具有关键作用。以城市低空经济领域多项技术创新为例，基于2010—2023年五大国家级城市群118个城市的面板数据，首先采用低空经济发明专利申请数据和LDA主题对城市低空经济领域技术创新方面多维技术创新指标和技术创新链全链进行测度和识别，而后构建因果森林模型就大科学装置集聚对低空经济领域多维度机制进行因果推断，得到结论如下：（1）大科学装置集聚能够促进城市低空经济领域的颠覆性技术创新、准颠覆性技术创新和支撑性技术创新；（2）大科学装置集聚可以促进城市低空经济领域技术创新质量规模价值和单位价值升级；（3）当前我国低空经济创新链存在14个技术主题，其中大科学装置集聚对无人机基础结构与减震系统、无人机遥感测绘等8个技术领域的进化发展具有正向促进作用。