Abstract: As the modes of the “Belt and Road” Enterprise Technology Standards Alliance (BRTSA) are diversified and have significant differences, choosing alliance modes according to the context is important for the high-quality development of alliances, and also a significant theoretical issue that needs to be studied urgently. Based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the study introduces fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method, taking 60 BRTSAs as samples, to explore the matching relationship between specific alliance contexts and modes. The following important conclusions were obtained from the study. Firstly, single contextual elements at the technical, organizational, and environmental levels do not constitute the necessary conditions for the standard co-consultation and application mode, the standard shared and complementary mode, and the standard iterative upgrading mode. Organizational relevance is a necessary condition for forming the applicability context of the standard co-construction R&D mode. Second, the “organizational similarity alongside standard differences” and “technological similarity in the face of environmental differences” scenarios are applicable to the standard co-consultation application mode; the “strong technological foundation and significant standard differences” scenario is applicable to the standard co-construction R&D mode; the “technological similarity with lacking environmental differences” and “technological similarity and organizational connection” scenarios are applicable to the standard shared complementary mode; the “technological similarity and environmental differences” scenario and “technological similarity, environmental differences and organizational correlation” are applicable to the standard iterative upgrade mode. Third, based on the BRTSA context, the dominant logic is deduced and then matched with the alliance mode. It is found that when technology leading is the dominant logic, it is suitable for the standard co-consultation application mode; when technology innovation, it is suitable for the standard co-construction R&D mode; when technology integration is the dominant logic, it is suitable for the standard shared complementary mode; when technology evolution is the dominant logic, it is suitable for the standard iterative upgrade mode. Fourth, “technology similarity” and “high standard distance” are the most common in the alliance context configurations, and have a wide influence on the choice of BRTSA modes. This paper has the following theoretical contributions. First, it introduces the TOE framework into the research of BRTSA mode applicable contexts, further expanding the specific connotations and application contexts of the TOE framework. Second, it analyzes and verifies the complex relationship between the alliance context and the alliance mode, refines the applicable context configuration for different modes, and enriches and improves the theoretical connotation and analysis framework of BRTSA modes. Third, it refines the inherent logic of BRTSA's “alliance context - dominant logic - alliance mode”, and promotes the development of alliance dominant logic related research. This paper puts forward the management suggestions. First, it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically analyze the alliance context and select an adaptive alliance mode to promote the realization of alliance value. Second, focus on the universal role of technology similarity and high standard distance in the alliance context, and actively layout and use various context elements to promote high-quality alliance development. Third, according to changes in specific alliance contexts, we should promote the dynamic evolution of alliance modes ly to enhance the adaptability of alliance modes.

摘要： 面向“一带一路”企业技术标准联盟模式多元且存在显著差异，根据具体情境选择合作模式是联盟高质量发展的重要抓手，也是亟待研究的重要理论问题。基于TOE框架，利用模糊集定性比较分析方法，从组态视角对具体联盟情境与模式间的匹配关系进行探索。结果表明，“组织相似-标准差异”、“技术相似-环境差异”联盟情境适用于标准共商应用型模式；“技术基础佳-标准差异” 联盟情境适用于标准共建研发型模式；“技术相似-环境差异缺失”、“技术相似-组织关联”联盟情境适用于标准共享互补型模式；“技术相似-环境差异”、“技术相似-环境差异-组织相关”联盟情境适用于标准迭代升级型模式。本文丰富了面向“一带一路”企业技术标准联盟模式相关研究，并对联盟高质量具有重要实践价值。