Abstract: Abstract: As a core strategic resource in the era of artificial intelligence, the establishment of a governance system for computing power is an urgent requirement for the modernization of national governance. This paper proposes for the first time the theoretical framework of "computing power governance," elucidating its connotations through dual dimensions of resource attributes and instrumental attributes. In the resource dimension, computing power as a novel derived resource necessitates addressing challenges such as sovereignty assurance, resource allocation, and cross-domain interoperability, enhancing national resource control capabilities through institutional design. In the instrumental dimension, computing power empowers the modernization of national governance through dynamic adaptation, symbiotic governance, and digital-intelligent applications to enhance governance efficacy. Computing power governance must transcend traditional resource governance paradigms to construct a novel framework aligned with its unique characteristics. Future efforts should innovate resource allocation models, reshape national governance logic, and promote the transformation of global power structures, achieving a transition from "technology adaptation" to "institutional empowerment," thereby providing a new governance paradigm for the era of digital civilization.

摘要： 摘要：算力作为人工智能时代的核心战略资源，其治理体系的构建是国家治理现代化的迫切需求。本文首次提出“算力治理”理论框架，从资源属性与工具属性双重维度阐释其内涵。在资源维度，算力作为新型派生性资源，需应对主权保障、资源分配及互联互通等挑战，通过制度设计提升国家资源掌控能力；在工具维度，依托算力赋能国家治理现代化，通过动态适配、共生治理及数智应用以提升治理效能。算力治理需突破传统资源治理范式，构建新型治理框架，以契合其独有特征。未来需通过革新资源配置模式、重塑国家治理逻辑、推动全球权力结构转型，实现从“技术适配”向“制度赋能”的跃迁，为数字文明时代提供治理新范式。