Abstract: In the constructing of Soviet Union’s Scientific and Technological innovation system, the culture of transplantation played an important role in the emerging of Science. In the late Soviet Union, the culture of transplantation was also a key factor that resulted in the failure of science-innovation system. In general, the culture of transplantation weakened the capability of innovation in Soviet Union; on the other hand, the resistance of transplantation deteriorated the gap between Soviet Union and the world in science area.

摘要： 在苏联科技创新体系的建构中，移植文化发挥了重要的积极作用，使苏联的科学技术从无到有。在苏联后期科技创新体系运行失败过程中，移植文化也是重要的因素。移植文化弱化苏联的原始创新能力，“反移植”加重了苏联与世界科学界的隔离。

关键词: 苏联创新体系, 移植文化, 苏联科学