Abstract: Applying the research method of multi-case study, this paper explores how the science-based innovation opportunity evolves dynamically from scientific discovery to innovation, and then to the innovation diffusion with the latecomer firms involved. The research finding shows that how the science-based innovation opportunities are shaped and developed, is the result of joint effects of external environmental factors and internal efforts of latecomer firms. The process includes serendipity in science engendering, chance of participating in emerging scientific research shaping, the innovation opportunity creating, the innovation opportunity releasing, the new round of serendipity in science engendering. The different forms and characteristics of innovation opportunities in different stages of the process determines that the latecomer firms should have corresponding action. These actions are characterized by being rhythmic and sequential. The finding shows that in the science-based innovation, the latecomer firms should deeply understand the decisive role of preemption to the overall innovation conditions, and through the integrated development of cross-disciplinary and cross-application fields, the latecomer firms can grasp the potential opportunity released form actual opportunity.

摘要： 采用多案例研究方法，探索在后发企业参与下从科学发现到创新实现，再到创新扩散过程中基于科学的创新机会的动态演进规律，发现基于科学的机会的形成和发展来自外部环境因素和后发企业内部努力的共同作用，其经历了科学发现的机缘产生、参与新兴科学研究的机遇形成、创新机会创造、创新机会释放、新一轮科学发现的机缘产生五个阶段。创新机会在形成和发展过程中各阶段的不同形态和特征决定了后发企业在不同阶段相应的行动要点，其具有“节奏性”和“序贯性”的特点。研究表明，在基于科学的创新中后发企业要充分认识“抢占先机”对创新总体局势的决定性作用，并通过跨学科、跨应用领域的融通发展，深度挖掘“显性机会”释放的“潜在机会”。