China's scientific and technological personnel have a low level of class identification, and there are obvious deviations between the subjective class identification and the objective class status. Class identification is influenced by the factors such as personal income, housing situation, professional ranks, managerial position, academic research project, academic paper and so on. The phenomenon of low class identification is the product of dual field of macro society and science-technology, and the dual identity of the general social members and the employees of science-technology. The scientific and technological personnel in the state-owned public institutions have relatively low class identification, which highlights the problem of getting hindered interests.
Hard & core scientific and technological achievements transformation mode is an innovation exploration in systems and mechanisms to form effectively high-quality science and technology supply capacity to support economic development based on market economic conditions and the advantages of China's socialist system. Over the years, aiming to give full play to the fundamental, key and supportive role of scientific and technological innovation in supply-side structural reform and focusing on the major national strategic deployment and the scientific and technological needs of regional economic and social development, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has gradually explored a series of ways to generate high-quality science and technology supply capacity and ways to industrialize cutting-edge science and technology in line with the national strategic positioning of science and technology.
Based on the measurement of technical progress bias index and the degree of overcapacity in China’s industrial sectors, this paper empirically tested the impact and transmission mechanism of technical progress bias on industrial overcapacity, and explored the heterogeneity of the relationship between technical progress bias and overcapacity under the different matches of technological progress bias and factor endowments. The results show that at present the direction of technical progress is capital-biased in most China’s industries, which has a significant role in aggravating overcapacity, and the capital-biased technical progress has an impact on overcapacity mainly through investment, demand, R&D and capital allocation efficiency. Last this paper found Technical progress bias could effectively improve production efficiency and resolve overcapacity under technical suitability, but it would further increase overcapacity under technical unsuitability.
Abstract:At present, China has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development. However, China currently faces the outstanding problems of unbalanced and uneven development. Service development, especially high-tech service development, is unbalanced and inadequate relative to manufacturing development.The effective supply capacity is insufficient, industrial efficiency is not high. Firstly,With Non-competitive I-O, it analyzes Inter industry mutual influence and spread degree with two industrial correlation indexes, i.e. induction coefficient and influence coefficient. Both the influence coefficient and the induction coefficient of China's high-tech service industry have increased. Secondly,With Non-competitive I-O, the efficiency of high-tech service is decomposed into domestic value-added efficiency and import product efficiency.Then, based on the value-added efficiency of high-tech service, it analyzes the impact of China's high-tech service on manufacturing efficiency dynamically.The result shows that China's high-tech service cannot effectively improve manufacturing efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes that China should take the innovation as the main endogenous driving force, promote the integration of manufacture and high-tech service , expand service industry opening, and promote the integration of manufacturing industry and high-tech service industry.
This paper investigates the relation between R&D investment and risk of stock price crash. The results show that firms' R&D investment significantly increases the risk of stock price crash，which is only exists in firms with excessive investment in R&D. The proportion of shares holding by the largest shareholder significantly inhibit the positive relation between R&D investment and risk of stock price crash, which mean supervision mechanism of large shareholders is functioning. Further studies show that there exist partial channels of cash holding and tax avoidance and the positive relationship between R&D investment and risk of stock price crash is only significant in firms with non-Big 4 auditors, low cash holdings and non-high-tech industry. The conclusion deepens the understanding of negative economic consequences of R&D investment. It is practically meaningful for promoting the development of capital market.
With the development of global emerging manufacturing network, international knowledge flow shows new characteristics, and its research focus has been shifting from bi-lateral attribute elements to network relationship elements. Therefore, from the perspective of network resource-based view, this paper proposes a conceptual model of the impacts of resource allocation networks on the international knowledge flow network, and conducts an empirical study in 3D printing industry to examine the impact mechanism and its evolution. Analysis of quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) is applied, based on multi-source heterogeneous data including patent and commercial data. The results show that the international resource allocation network, the value chain resource allocation network and the industrial institute resource allocation network have significantly positive impacts on the inter-firm knowledge flow network. Besides that, the impact effects are different according to the industry development stages. This research discovers the new laws of inter-firm knowledge flow in the ear of globalization and networks.
Debate on how Emerging Market (EM) firms may use outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) as a vehicle to enhance innovation performance has not been conclusive. On one hand, dynamic capability literature supports that these firms may build up product development experience (PDE) via OFDI for improving innovation performance. On the other hand, path dependence argument suggests that these firms PDE is domestic market-specific, therefore, PDE accumulated may constrain their capability of using OFDI opportunities for improving innovation performance. We argue that PDE breadth and depth affect the relationships among PDE, OFDI, and innovation performance. Using panel data of 80 Chinese firms we find that PDE depth has a significant negative effect on domestic innovation performance of Chinese outward investors. Our finding provides specific conditions for when the path dependence effect holds.
Opportunity and resources，two crucial elements in entrepreneurship，possess complex interactions reciprocally. To separate the main research veins of entrepreneurship from the complex interaction network means a lot to reveal the origin of entrepreneurship. Presently, some scholars have integrated opportunities and resources, they proposed a new construction of the "Integrated Opportunity and Resource Development Behavior" from a systematic perspective. However, the research is still in the exploratory stage because the measurement system of the new constructive concept and its impact mechanism on entrepreneurial performance are ambiguous. Firstly, based on the ideas above and guided by the maxims of the traditional Chinese philosophy “the balance of yin and yang” and “the cultivation of both internal and external”, we divide the integration between opportunity and resource into two sub-dimensions: Internal Integration and External Integration and measure them as well, besides, the integration of opportunities and resources also reflects the interaction and balance between Internal Integration and External Integration. Then the paper explores the relationship between integration between opportunities and resources and entrepreneurial performance. Lastly, the paper examined the adjustment of network relationships between the two.
Scholars have shown that the cognitive process of entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial context is different from that of non-entrepreneurs, which has specificity. But the mechanism of this process has not been clearly revealed. Based on the typical cases of new rural entrepreneurship, this paper deeply identifies the cognitive characteristics of new rural entrepreneurship process from the micro-narrative perspective. This paper constructs the conceptual framework of new rural entrepreneurial cognitive system in the context of modern agricultural entrepreneurial context in China. Through coding analysis, this paper establishes nine main categories, namely, external emotions and beliefs, internal emotions and beliefs, practical exploration, innovative action, open communication, industry awareness, attitude of relatives and friends, government role and risk attitude. On the basis of these nine main categories, the conceptual framework of "subjective belief—action orientation—situational interaction" for new farmers’ cognitive system is constructed, and it is considered that subjective belief is the core of cognition and action, which provides psychological support for entrepreneurs ‘decision-making and entrepreneurial action; action orientation is the driving mechanism to promote cognitive process. Entrepreneurs express their beliefs through action, and induce cognitive cycle. Situational interaction refers to the interaction between entrepreneurs and objects in the process of expressing their subjective beliefs through entrepreneurial actions in a specific entrepreneurial context, which generates situational knowledge and promotes situational cognitive evolution.
The entrepreneurship of Internet platform enterprises always from existing institutional field to new institutional field. They are often caught in a dilemma of institutional pressure in old field and institutional vacant in new field. Existing research lacks of deeply analysis of this strategy. This paper takes the case of online car-hailing enterprises which expand from taxi service field to express or premier field, analyzes the internal logic of institutional entrepreneurial behavior. The results show that: (1) The institutional pressure and institutional vacant in old and new institutional field make the goal of institutional work different. Old field emphasizes legitimacy acquisition by maintain institution, new field emphasizes legitimacy construction by create institution. (2) In old institutional field(taxi service), platform enterprises focus on supply-side to rapid and large-scale development based on existing supply-side users, then attract the demand-side users. It belongs to institutional entrepreneurship by maintain institution. In new institutional field(express or premier), platform enterprises explore the diversified needs of existing demand-side users, to create a diversified market and lock demand-side. (3)When platform enterprises reach the "cold start" of old institutional field, they should transfer from maintain institution to create institution. Once they enter new institutional field, the "tipping point" should be used as the goal, thus becoming the oligarch of the subdivision market. This paper analyzes the institutional entrepreneurial behavior of platform enterprises, combines the characteristics of platform reveals its internal mechanism, and provides a new idea for the application of institutional theory in the context of Internet platform.
The new round of industrial revolution led by AI has brought about the prominence of innovation network new characteristics, including multi-system sharing and opening, multi-agent interaction and complementarity, multi-factor oscillation and interweaving. It causes the dual demand of industry-university-research institute synergy innovation （IURSI） for resource heterogeneity and knowledge flow. This paper takes AI industry for example, and discusses dynamic interaction effect of resource heterogeneity and knowledge flow on IURIS. The results show that: The resource heterogeneity plays a significant role in promoting IURIS. However, with the continuous development of the industrial life cycle, knowledge absorption to this promoting role has undergone a dynamic process of "greater negative moderating effect-smaller negative moderating effect-stronger positive moderating effect", and knowledge diffusion to this promoting role has undergone a process of "small positive regulation effect-negative regulation effect appears-negative regulation effect increases". These discoveries provide reference for finding the breakthrough point of AI IURIS’s governance., The new round of industrial revolution led by AI has brought about the prominence of innovation network new characteristics, including multi-system sharing and opening, multi-agent interaction and complementarity, multi-factor oscillation and interweaving. It causes the dual demand of industry-university-research institute synergy innovation （IURSI） for resource heterogeneity and knowledge flow. This paper takes AI industry for example, and discusses dynamic interaction effect of resource heterogeneity and knowledge flow on IURIS. The results show that: The resource heterogeneity plays a significant role in promoting IURIS. However, with the continuous development of the industrial life cycle, knowledge absorption to this promoting role has undergone a dynamic process of "greater negative moderating effect-smaller negative moderating effect-stronger positive moderating effect", and knowledge diffusion to this promoting role has undergone a process of "small positive regulation effect-negative regulation effect appears-negative regulation effect increases". These discoveries provide reference for finding the breakthrough point of AI IURIS’s governance., The new round of industrial revolution led by AI has brought about the prominence of innovation network new characteristics, including multi-system sharing and opening, multi-agent interaction and complementarity, multi-factor oscillation and interweaving. It causes the dual demand of industry-university-research institute synergy innovation （IURSI） for resource heterogeneity and knowledge flow. This paper takes AI industry for example, and discusses dynamic interaction effect of resource heterogeneity and knowledge flow on IURIS. The results show that: The resource heterogeneity plays a significant role in promoting IURIS. However, with the continuous development of the industrial life cycle, knowledge absorption to this promoting role has undergone a dynamic process of "greater negative moderating effect-smaller negative moderating effect-stronger positive moderating effect", and knowledge diffusion to this promoting role has undergone a process of "small positive regulation effect-negative regulation effect appears-negative regulation effect increases". These discoveries provide reference for finding the breakthrough point of AI IURIS’s governance.
R&D (research and development) has been a hot issue in the field of innovation study. However, the effect that non-R&D innovation has on enterprise performance is often ignored. In fact, this kind of innovation activities is an important source of the SMEs’ competitive advantages. For SMEs, when they face the constrain of resources, they can effectively use the handy resources including R&D and non-R&D resources to build innovative capabilities and acquire consistent competitive advantages. Existing study ignored the interactive effect between R&D innovation and non-R&D innovation on enterprise performance in our country’s SMEs. Based on interviews and 345 survey samples of SMEs in China, we find that external technology adoption, product and service customization, organizational innovation and marketing innovation and R&D innovation have significant substitution effect on innovation performance. The substitution effect between external technology adoption and R&D innovation is instability. Imitation innovation has no significant effect on innovation performance. This study can give some advices for SMEs to rely on low cost innovation modes (e.g., non-R&D innovation) to improve innovation ability and performance. Also, it has some reference value for the optimization of China's SMEs’ innovation policies.
In order to solve the modifiable areal unit problem in previous research, This study uses the point pattern analysis method with the fine-grained patent address space data of 2013 in Hunan Province, to analyzes the spatial pattern of innovation activities in Hunan Province and its influencing factors. The study finds that: There is heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of innovation activities in Hunan Province, showing a single-center “core-periphery” structure spreading out from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan district and the best geographic scale for innovation spatial agglomeration is between 20km and 21km. After controlling the influence of innovation input factors, the GDP per square kilometer and the point distance from the road have significant impact on the intensity of innovation activity distribution. And because of the discontinuity of economic activity, the GDP per square kilometer has a differential impact on innovation activities. Lastly, we conclude that the policies to encourage the development of innovation should fully consider the imbalance of regional’s economic development. while incentives for independent innovation should be promoted in developed regions, road accessibility that increasing innovation spillovers in agglomeration should be emphasized in developing regions.
Applying the research method of multi-case study, this paper explores how the science-based innovation opportunity evolves dynamically from scientific discovery to innovation, and then to the innovation diffusion with the latecomer firms involved. The research finding shows that how the science-based innovation opportunities are shaped and developed, is the result of joint effects of external environmental factors and internal efforts of latecomer firms. The process includes serendipity in science engendering, chance of participating in emerging scientific research shaping, the innovation opportunity creating, the innovation opportunity releasing, the new round of serendipity in science engendering. The different forms and characteristics of innovation opportunities in different stages of the process determines that the latecomer firms should have corresponding action. These actions are characterized by being rhythmic and sequential. The finding shows that in the science-based innovation, the latecomer firms should deeply understand the decisive role of preemption to the overall innovation conditions, and through the integrated development of cross-disciplinary and cross-application fields, the latecomer firms can grasp the potential opportunity released form actual opportunity.
Abstract: Culture is particularly important as a soft power of competition in nonprofit organizations. This paper attempts to reveal that nonprofit organizational innovation is not dependent on the strength of a condition variable in a nonprofit organizational culture, but on the combination of different condition variables. Based on the analysis of 23 nonprofit organizations in Beijing, this paper employs qualitative comparison analysis (QCA) to explore the effect of nonprofit organization culture on organizational innovation. Results showed that: Firstly, the cultural foundation of non-profit organization innovation is a combination of two elements: high participation and high adaptability. Secondly, High participation * High adaptability * High mission or High participation * High adaptability * High consistency is a necessary condition for organizational innovation. To a certain extent, the high mission of non-profit organization cultural elements can replace the high consistency. But beyond a certain threshold, the substitution will no longer work. Thirdly, the final score of organizational innovation brought by the same non-profit organization cultural factor combination score may be the same, but the internal indicators of organizational innovation are different. The study proposes to strengthen the adaptability and participation in the organizational culture of non-profit organizations, to promote organizational innovation in collaboration with the cultural factors of non-profit organizations, and to vigorously cultivate the innovative cultural environment of non-profit organizations.
