Abstract: Chips are a place of contention for major powers in the fourth industrial revolution. Although the chip industry chain has become highly globalized, various international events in recent years have shown that the United States still has a hegemonic position in this field and has the ability to “weaponize” chips to sanction other countries. Why did the United States build a “Chip hegemony”, and how did this hegemony come about? This paper argues that “Chip hegemony” is an important weight for the United States to continue the “Center-periphery” dual dependency structure in the world system, which constitutes a strong motivation for the United States to frequently suppress the catching up countries in order to maintain its own control. Technology monopoly, financial domination, and market control together form the three pillars of the United States’ “Chip hegemony”, and it is the control of these three areas that makes the United States always control the key links in the global chip ecology. In the face of the increasing chip sanctions by the United States, China should also give full play to its political and economic system advantages to prescribe the right medicine, and gradually achieve strategic breakthroughs in these three areas and the contrarian rise of the entire chip industry.

摘要： 芯片是第四次产业革命中的大国必争之地。尽管芯片产业链已高度全球化，但近年来种种国际事件表明，美国依然在这一领域存在霸权地位，并且拥有将芯片“武器化”以制裁他国的能力。美国为何要构建“芯片霸权”、这一霸权又是如何生成的？本文认为，“芯片霸权”是美国在世界体系中延续“中心—外围”双依附结构的重要砝码，这构成了其频繁打压赶超国以维系自身控制力的强烈动机。而技术垄断、金融统治、市场把控共同组建了美国“芯片霸权”的三大支柱，正是对这三大领域的控制令美国始终掌握着全球芯片生态的关键环节。面对美国不断加码的芯片制裁，中国也应发挥自身政治经济体制优势对症下药，逐步实现在这三大领域的战略突围和整个芯片行业的逆势崛起。