The development of new quality productivity is a critical strategic choice for promoting high-quality development in China. A review of history shows that humanity's three industrial revolutions have witnessed the periodic emergence and prosperity of new quality productivity. This study constructs a "Technology-Institution-Organization" tripartite framework for new quality productivity analysis from the perspective of evolutionary economics, thoroughly examining the creation and innovation-driven development processes of new quality productivity during the past three industrial revolutions, and analyzing the mechanisms of co-evolution among technology, institutions, and organizations. This research suggests that at the core of new quality productivity generation and development during the industrial revolutions is the production, diffusion, and commercial application of knowledge. The co-evolution of technology, institutions, and organizations forms a core driving force, ultimately facilitating the valorization of knowledge, forming new quality productivity, and shaping new drivers of development. By integrating the evolutionary patterns of new quality productivity during the industrial revolutions, and considering current technological and socio-economic forms, it identifies features of current new quality productivity development such as the intersection of technological frontiers, the co-evolution of "proactive government" and "effective markets," ecological organization, and mission orientation. Based on these observations, the study offers policy recommendations for accelerating the development of new quality productivity.
Human society is undergoing a significant transformation driven by intelligent technologies that penetrate various fields, making them essential objects of public trust. However, the uncertainty surrounding these technologies has led to a pervasive trust crisis. This study constructs a theoretical framework of "penetration-understanding-trust" from the perspective of public understanding of science to address the mismatch between the level of intelligent technology development and public trust across different countries. Using data from the 2017 Eurobarometer survey, which includes responses from 9,931 EU citizens, this study empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of technological penetration on public trust in intelligent technologies. The findings reveal that technological penetration has a direct positive effect on the level of public trust in intelligent technology. Additionally, public recognition of the capabilities and benefits of intelligent technologies serves as a partial mediator in this relationship. Specifically, the results show that as the penetration of intelligent technology increases, public trust in these technologies also rises. This trust is further enhanced when the public recognizes the capabilities and benefits of these technologies, which are facilitated by their widespread use and integration into everyday life.
The study highlights the critical role of experiential learning in fostering public trust in intelligent technologies. As individuals interact more frequently with intelligent technologies, they gain a better understanding and appreciation of their capabilities and benefits, which in turn enhances their trust. This process of experiential learning is particularly important given the rapid pace of technological advancement, which often outstrips the ability of traditional educational methods to keep up. Theoretically, this study extends the literature on public trust in technology by incorporating the roles of technological penetration and experiential learning. Practically, it provides valuable insights for policymakers and businesses aiming to build and maintain public trust in intelligent technologies. Strategies to increase public exposure to intelligent technologies, such as through demonstrations, pilot programs, and broader accessibility, can significantly enhance public understanding and trust.
Furthermore, the study suggests that public policy should focus on creating environments where intelligent technologies can be more visible and accessible to the general public. This could include regulatory frameworks that support the early and safe deployment of these technologies, public awareness campaigns, and educational initiatives that emphasize hands-on experience with intelligent technologies. Collaboration between governments, technology developers, and educational institutions is essential to achieve these goals. Governments can facilitate this process by providing funding and support for pilot programs and research initiatives that explore the best ways to integrate intelligent technologies into public life. Technology developers can contribute by designing user-friendly and accessible products that encourage public interaction and learning. Educational institutions can help by incorporating experiential learning opportunities into their curricula, allowing students to engage directly with intelligent technologies.
In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of technological penetration and experiential learning in building public trust in intelligent technologies. By increasing public exposure to these technologies and facilitating hands-on learning experiences, it is possible to enhance public understanding and trust, thereby supporting the broader adoption and integration of intelligent technologies into society. This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics of public trust in intelligent technologies and offers practical recommendations for fostering a more trusting and informed public.
Chips are a place of contention for major powers in the fourth industrial revolution. Although the chip industry chain has become highly globalized, various international events in recent years have shown that the United States still has a hegemonic position in this field and has the ability to “weaponize” chips to sanction other countries. Why did the United States build a “Chip hegemony”, and how did this hegemony come about? This paper argues that “Chip hegemony” is an important weight for the United States to continue the “Center-periphery” dual dependency structure in the world system, which constitutes a strong motivation for the United States to frequently suppress the catching up countries in order to maintain its own control. Technology monopoly, financial domination, and market control together form the three pillars of the United States’ “Chip hegemony”, and it is the control of these three areas that makes the United States always control the key links in the global chip ecology. In the face of the increasing chip sanctions by the United States, China should also give full play to its political and economic system advantages to prescribe the right medicine, and gradually achieve strategic breakthroughs in these three areas and the contrarian rise of the entire chip industry.
Generative AI has triggered a transformation in the paradigms of knowledge production and dissemination across various fields. Meanwhile, biases such as "favoring males over females" and "discrimination against minorities" have been laid bare. Previous research on the ethics of technology has largely been speculative, with few empirical studies following the social constructivist approach and focusing on the role of humans, while insufficient attention has been paid to non-human actors. In light of this, the study employs actor-network theory to examine the labor process of generative AI data annotators, exploring how human and non-human actors intertwine to inscribe biases into intelligence during the practical construction of these biases. The research identifies three causes of bias production: "individual behavior," "constraints of objects," and "capital orientation." Finally, the study offers suggestions at the end for managing biases in generative AI through "identification discussions," "process optimization," and "ethical frameworks."
Hypernormal science is the latest concept in the studies of expertise and experience, which has not yet been introduced domestically. After introducing the basic concepts and standards of hypernormal science and normal science, this paper proposes that hypernormal science inherits the tradition of the studies of expertise and experience, and also has the basis of expertise typology. Collins et al. claim that outsourcing and apprenticeship are not only characteristics of hypernormal science, but also an important way for transmitting the scientific moral value to society. After criticizing the one-dimensional definition of hypernormal science and the over-simplified concept of complex social interaction, I propose to revise the concept of hypernormal science based on interactional expertise and contributory expertise, and redescribe the attributes of outsourcing and its actual role, the relationship between information exchange and cultural construction.
Open science plays a crucial role in promoting scientific innovation and research transparency. In the context of the ongoing transformation towards a new paradigm of scientific research, knowledge growth is accompanied by a crisis of trust. Researchers are increasingly focused on the openness and transparency of experimental data and research methods to ensure the reproducibility of research results. This paper employs bibliometric analysis methods to explore the main issues and impacts of open science in terms of reproducibility, both domestically and internationally, by analyzing relevant literature from Web of Science and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The study finds that reproducibility issues primarily involve challenges in experimental conditions, data processing, and research culture. These problems not only hinder the effective reproduction of scientific results but also affect the credibility of scientific research. To address these challenges, open science proposes a series of solutions, including promoting data sharing, standardizing experimental methods, and improving evaluation systems. The concept of open science has emerged as a response to the growing concern over the reproducibility crisis in scientific research. This crisis has been particularly prominent in fields such as psychology, medicine, and biology, where numerous high-profile studies have failed to be replicated. The inability to reproduce research findings undermines the fundamental principles of scientific inquiry and erodes public trust in scientific institutions.One of the primary issues identified in the study is the lack of transparency in experimental conditions. Researchers often fail to provide sufficiently detailed information about their experimental setups, materials, and procedures. This omission makes it difficult for other scientists to recreate the exact conditions under which the original experiments were conducted, leading to discrepancies in results. Open science advocates for comprehensive reporting of experimental protocols, including seemingly minor details that could potentially influence outcomes.Data processing presents another significant challenge to reproducibility. The increasing complexity of scientific data, particularly in fields involving big data and advanced statistical analyses, has made it more difficult to ensure consistency in data handling and interpretation. Open science initiatives promote the use of standardized data processing pipelines and encourage researchers to make their raw data and analysis scripts publicly available. This approach not only allows for independent verification of results but also facilitates the development of more robust analytical methods through collaborative efforts.The research culture within scientific communities also plays a crucial role in the reproducibility crisis. The pressure to publish novel and positive results has sometimes led to questionable research practices, such as p-hacking or selective reporting of data. Open science seeks to address these issues by promoting a culture of transparency and integrity. This includes encouraging the pre-registration of studies, publishing null results, and valuing replication studies as important contributions to scientific knowledge.To combat these challenges, open science proposes several solutions. First, it advocates for widespread data sharing through repositories and platforms that make research data freely accessible to the scientific community. This not only supports reproducibility efforts but also accelerates scientific progress by allowing researchers to build upon existing datasets.Second, open science promotes the standardization of experimental methods across disciplines. This includes developing and adhering to best practices for experimental design, data collection, and analysis. Standardization helps ensure that experiments conducted in different laboratories can be more easily compared and replicated.Third, open science calls for a reform of the scientific evaluation system. Traditional metrics of scientific success, such as the number of publications or journal impact factors, may inadvertently incentivize practices that compromise reproducibility. Open science proposes alternative evaluation criteria that place greater emphasis on research quality, transparency, and reproducibility rather than novelty alone.Looking to the future, open science is expected to play an increasingly important role in several key areas. It will continue to enhance research transparency by promoting open access publication models and encouraging the sharing of not only final results but also the entire research process, including negative outcomes and failed experiments. Furthermore, open science is anticipated to foster greater collaboration among researchers across institutional and national boundaries. By breaking down barriers to data access and promoting open communication, it enables scientists to pool resources, share expertise, and tackle complex problems more effectively. Finally, open science is poised to optimize the overall scientific ecosystem. This includes developing new infrastructure for data management and sharing, creating innovative platforms for peer review and scientific discourse, and establishing new norms for scientific conduct that prioritize integrity and reproducibility.In conclusion, while the challenges to reproducibility in scientific research are significant, the principles and practices of open science offer promising solutions. By promoting transparency, standardization, and collaboration, open science not only addresses the current reproducibility crisis but also lays the foundation for a more robust, efficient, and trustworthy scientific enterprise in the future.
The development of science and technology and the increasing competition in society have led human beings to seek the enhancement of their capabilities at various levels, including the biomedical enhancement of the subject's moral and emotional well-being. The generalization of biomedical technologies makes the definition of treatment and enhancement increasingly difficult. As a fundamental issue of human enhancement, the distinction between treatment and enhancement and its implications are decisive for assessing the ethical risks of a given technology and delimiting the ethical boundaries of public health policy. Nevertheless, in the case of moral enhancement, the specificity of the purpose and mechanism of enhancement, as well as the non-positional goods, double-edged sword, and utilitarian attributes of "morality" itself, make it impossible to use the traditional distinction between treatment and enhancement as a basis for assessing the ethical issues of the technology or for screening its feasibility and technological desirability.
The construction of an efficiently operating innovation ecosystem is an important tool for building a modernized industrial system，and it is also an important support for achieving greater self-reliance and strength in high-level science and technology. However, China's innovation ecosystem has not yet been fully formed, and the phenomenon of “isolation” and “fragmentation” in innovation activities still exists. China urgently needs to improve the system and mechanism of science and technology innovation, optimize the innovation ecosystem, and promote the efficient integration of science and technology and economy.
The innovation ecosystem not only includes the network system jointly composed of innovation elements such as innovation subjects, innovation resources and innovation environment, but also covers the innovation operation mechanism that supports the efficient functioning of innovation elements. The paper adopts a vertical single-case study method, based on the analytical idea of “goal-behavior-mechanism-result”, and takes Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), a typical representative of new R&D organizations, as an example to analyze the evolution logic of the innovation ecosystem with JITRI as the core, and explore its evolution process and mechanism from building an internal “micro-ecology” to a regional “macro-ecology”.
By analyzing the internal data of JITRI, the survey interview data and the secondary data obtained from public channels, it is found that the evolution of the innovation ecosystem of JITRI is a process from forming an internal “micro-ecology” to expanding the innovation network, and then to building a regional “macro-ecology”. It can be specifically divided into the system initial construction stage focusing on professional research institutes to build an internal "micro-ecology", the system expansion stage of "combining allocation and investment" to support the industrialization of cutting-edge leading technologies, and the system maturity stage focusing on leading enterprises to deepen and expand the external ecology. The innovation behaviors at each stage have continuity and continue to be extended to the next stage for further development. At the same time, through the design of various mechanisms, multiple innovation subjects integrate and utilize innovation resources based on value co-creation, thus promoting the evolution and development of the innovation ecosystem centered on JITRI. The series of innovation practices and the internal mechanism design of the organization in JITRI reflect the characteristics of market-oriented, enterprises as the main body of scientific and technological innovation, and various kinds of leading talents and scientific research institutions at home and abroad as important strategic partners. Based on this, the paper summarizes four important mechanisms to promote the evolution of the innovation ecosystem, which are market-oriented operation and management mechanism, market-oriented fund allocation and use mechanism, benefit-sharing and risk-sharing mechanism based on value co-creation, and globally oriented open cooperation mechanism.
By analyzing the evolution logic of the innovation ecosystem centered on JITRI, the paper further draws the following inspirations: (1) Improve the practice-based institutional innovation, and build a mechanism conducive to the evolution of the innovation ecosystem in the “bottom-up” innovation practice. (2) Further improve the relationship between the government and the market, so as to fully integrate the active government and the effective market. (3) Give full play to the advantages of new R&D organizations in integrating innovation resources, and build an innovation ecosystem with new R&D organizations as the core.
Digital business model innovation is of great significance to promote the high-quality development of China's digital economy, and has become an important concern of enterprise practice and academic research. However, there are also some problems in the implementation process of digital business model innovation. Among them, the internal subjects of enterprises lack the digital business model innovation identification, such as the lack of digital sensitivity of leaders, the lack of digital cognition of employees, and the introduction of new digital technology requires employees to change their original cognition and behavior, which leads to resistance of employees. It is an important reason that hinders the development speed and depth of digital business model innovation. Therefore, the high, middle and grassroots personnel of enterprises need to recognize the digital business model innovation in cognition, in order to promote the successful implementation of digital business model innovation.
Most current researches on digital business model innovation focus on value elements to explore how executives and organizations design, layout and apply digital business model innovation, but relatively ignore how actors at all levels of enterprises identify with digital business model innovation. The lack of identification at any level can hinder the implementation of digital business model innovation. In addition, digital business model innovation identification involves cognitive changes among employees. The current research on business model innovation from the cognitive perspective includes two different perspectives: "leadership top-down" and "employee bottom-up". From these two perspectives, it can be seen that both "top-down" and "bottom-up" business model innovation exist in organizations. Especially in the context of digitalization, organizational power gradually evolves from the centralization of senior executives to the decentralization of grassroots, and personnel at all levels of the organization can play an important role as innovators in the innovation of digital business models. Therefore, this paper uses the case study method to explore the "top-down" and "bottom-up" evolution process of digital business model innovation identification, and finally summarizes and reveals the internal mechanism of digital business model innovation identification from the perspective of two-way cognitive evolution.
The research finds that, first, digital business model innovation identification has dynamic evolution, and its evolution revolves around the three stages of "creative identification-application identification-lean identification". Second, the core process of digital business model innovation identification is the evolution of individual cognition to organizational cognition, but individual cognition not only originates from senior executives, but also may originate from middle and low-level employees, resulting in two cognitive evolution chains. The top-down cognitive evolution chain of digital business model innovation identification is "executive cognitive initiation - middle level cognitive penetration - employee cognitive coupling". The bottom-up cognitive evolution chain of digital business model innovation identification is "employee cognitive emergence - middle level cognitive response - executive cognitive embedment". Third, middle managers play an important role in the evolution of digital business model innovation identification. They can not only pass down the perceptions and ideas of executives, but also combine first-line ideas with their own perceptions to create new value propositions that drive the implementation of digital business model innovation. Fourth, the "two-way" digital business model innovation and the "two-way cognitive evolution" perspective of digital business model innovation identification are more suitable for the application and deepening of enterprise digital business model innovation in the context of "digital China".
Starting from the construction of a more scientific and comprehensive exploratory innovation preference measurement, this paper analyzes the mechanism and channels of the effect of industrial robot applications on innovation preference from multiple dimensions, and conducts heterogeneity analysis from three levels: TFP, technology mergers and acquisitions(M&As), and market competition. The main conclusions are: (1)Industrial robot applications can improve enterprises’ exploratory innovation preference, and enterprises to transform from utilization-based innovation to exploratory innovation. Therefore, industrial robot applications can enable Chinese enterprises to make greater breakthroughs in basic, cutting-edge and original key core technology problems; (2)Industrial robot applications have the "labor structure adjustment effect", "financing constraint relaxation effect" and "R&D efficiency improvement effect". These three effects are also important channels for industrial robots to help improve exploratory innovation preference. They can effectively inspire enterprises to get rid of their inherent R&D dependence and R&D inertia, explore new tracks of production technology and processes, and thus achieve technological leapfrog; (3)Actively guiding high TFP enterprises to conduct exploratory innovation, encouraging enterprises to conduct technology M&As, and creating a more scientific and fair competition environment will help industrial robots better play their role in promoting exploratory innovation, thereby continuously stimulating the potential and vitality of enterprises to conduct high-level innovation.
Entrepreneurial calling, as entrepreneurs feel the strong summon from the entrepreneurial field, is an important work value orientation that drives entrepreneurs to identify with entrepreneurship from the heart, and achieve the purpose and meaning of life. Research in the field of management and organization often calls for an emphasis on calling as a work orientation, analyzing its positive effects on individual behavior, job performance, social identity, etc. The calling for research in the field of entrepreneurship is still in its infancy. Researchers have attempted to combine the calling concepts from the field of management and organization, starting from the intrinsic motivations and psychological context of entrepreneurs, to explore the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the calling driving entrepreneurial efforts, making useful attempts to expand the special application of the calling in the field of entrepreneurship. However, we still know a little about what the entrepreneurial results will the entrepreneurial calling bring, from the perspective of entrepreneurial behavior to analyze the mechanism of entrepreneurial calling on the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, so as to enrich and deepen the latest research results of entrepreneurial calling. Based on the Career Construction Theory and Implicit Theories, we take 316 questionnaires of entrepreneurs as samples, combine with entrepreneurial persistence to analyze the mechanism of the impact of entrepreneurial calling on the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, and test the moderating effect of growth mindset on the relationship. We found that the entrepreneurial calling not only promotes the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, but also promotes the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises through entrepreneurial persistence. When entrepreneurs have more growth mindset, the entrepreneurial calling is more conducive to the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises. The results are still robust by changing the sample size and alternative explanations of variables. Further analysis shows that the entrepreneurial calling of opportunistic entrepreneurs and serial entrepreneurs has a stronger promoting effect on the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, but with the increase of enterprise age, the positive impact of entrepreneurial calling on the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises is weakened. We deepen the existing research from the following aspects: Firstly, from the perspective of entrepreneurial persistence and growth mindset, analyze the impact mechanism and boundary conditions of entrepreneurial calling on the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises, and broaden the micro-perspective of entrepreneurial growth from the perspective of entrepreneurial psychology and entrepreneurial behavior. Secondly, deepen the understanding of the calling under the entrepreneurial context, explore the mechanism of the impact of the calling on entrepreneurial persistence and the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises in combination with the internal psychological context of entrepreneurs, and enrich the research literature on the results of the entrepreneurial calling. Thirdly, the Career Construction Theory in the field of management and organization is applied to explore the career construction law of entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial context, and the regulating role of growth mindset is analyzed in combination with the Implicit Theories, and the application context and scope of these two theories are extended. Future study can adopt different methods, such as longitudinal tracking research design, to reveal the dynamic mechanism of entrepreneurial calling affecting the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises. In addition, more objective situational factors of entrepreneurial calling driving the growth of entrepreneurial enterprises are explored to increase the scope of application of research conclusions.
The fair and reasonable distribution of scientific research funds is an important support condition for stimulating the enthusiasm of researchers, improving the efficiency of scientific and technological resource utilization, and enhancing innovation vitality. Unlike previous studies on the unequal distribution and efficiency evaluation of scientific research resources, this paper focuses on the subjective evaluation of the fairness of the distribution from the perspective of researchers. Based on a representative national sampling survey data, combined with theoretical perspectives such as individual-level resource acquisition and relative deprivation, institutional-level policy benefits, and occupational-level situational attribution, this study analyzes the factors affecting the sense of fairness in the distribution of research funds among researchers. The study finds that more than 70% of researchers believe that the current distribution process and results of fiscal scientific research funds in our country are fair. Those who hold a lower evaluation of the fairness of scientific research resource distribution are not the groups in a disadvantaged position in terms of resource acquisition, such as women, young people, and researchers with lower titles, but rather male researchers, those with senior titles, and those in the stage of greater pressure for title evaluation; researchers with high policy implementation benefits have a significantly higher sense of fairness, and the impact of this indicator has the highest explanatory contribution. In the future, in the process of promoting a more fair, reasonable, and efficient allocation of research funds, it is necessary to pay more attention to the implementation of policies and systems, enhance the sense of participation and acquisition of researchers, and at the same time increase support and care for groups with less funding and those under greater pressure for title evaluation.
The basic mechanism of experts in the peer review of scientific research projects refers to the institutional arrangement related to the selection, evaluation and incentive of the review experts, which plays a basic and core role in ensuring the effectiveness of the review of scientific research projects. In this paper, based on the international cases studies, the management details related to the selection and incentive of experts in the peer review of scientific research project in funding institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Australia et al. were sorted and analyzed. The management details were mainly involved in three aspects: expert selection and management, conflict of interest avoidance and post-evaluation of expert review behavior. Then the rationality of these management details was analyzed, in order to provide reference for Chinese research project funding institutions to further improve the expert basic mechanism in China, which would be important to promote the effectiveness of research project review.
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the technology position occupied by born international enterprises can break the low-end lock-in of the global value chain. Based on the resource-based view and the reorganization search theory, this paper selects the born international enterprises as the research object, determines the technical position based on high-value patents, and incorporates the technical position into the global value chain analysis framework. The results show that: (1) Technology position helps born international enterprises to break the low-end lock of global value chain. (2) The technological content of export products plays a key intermediary role in cracking the low-end locking of technology position. (3) The dominant comparative advantage of the industry has a positive moderating effect on the cracking of technology position and low-end locking. The intensity of industry competition has a negative regulatory effect on the cracking of technology position and low-end lock-in; compared with traditional industries, technology position plays a weaker role in promoting strategic emerging industries to break the low-end lock. (4) The impact of technology position on solving the low-end locking of global value chain is more significant in born international enterprises facing high financing constraints and strong environmental regulation. The research provides theoretical support for how born international enterprises can break the low-end locking of global value chain under the constraints of insufficient innovation resources and insufficient innovation ability in the context of China 's economy, and expands the research framework of technology position.
Under the background of digital rural governance and rural vitalization, enhancing farmers' digital literacy and digital capabilities is important to promote continuous poverty reduction in rural areas. As an important innovative group for rural economic development, rural entrepreneurs with digital literacy can use digital technologies for knowledge learning and technological innovation, apply digital technologies to production and business activities, enable the dividends brought by technological development to benefit rural areas, enhance social well-being, and realize the transformation from “digital governance” to “digital good governance” in rural areas. Technical risks and ethical and moral issues accompany the application of digital technology. Existing studies seldom pay attention to the ethical and moral issues of rural entrepreneurs in the application of digital technology and whether they bear social responsibilities such as poverty alleviation and environmental protection, and the impact of digital literacy of rural entrepreneurs on technology for social good is still lacking in theoretical induction and in-depth analysis. Technology for social good contributes to advancing rural revitalization, and improving the digital literacy of farmer entrepreneurs is an important measure to promote governance of digital villages. Baced on resource-based review, this paper takes rural entrepreneurs from 18 provinces in China as research samples and empirically examines the influencing mechanism of rural entrepreneurs' digital literacy on corporate technology for social good by adopting the survey method. The results show that (1) The digital literacy of rural entrepreneurs has a significant positive promoting effect on the technological goodness of enterprises, and digital literacy is an important factor driving rural entrepreneurs to carry out technological goodness activities of enterprises. (2) Secondly, compared with male entrepreneurs, the promoting effect of digital literacy of female rural entrepreneurs on technological goodness will be enhanced. That is, after the improvement of their own digital literacy, female rural entrepreneurs are more willing to carry out entrepreneurial behaviors of technological goodness of enterprises. (3) Social value perception plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between digital literacy and technological goodness of enterprises. Based on the above research, this paper expands the research on the driving factors of enterprise technology for social good from the perspective of entrepreneurs' personal characteristics, pays attention to the actor level, explore the motivation of different actors to participate in technology for social good. In addition, this paper also constructs the influence mechanism of “digital literacy - social value perception - enterprise technology for social good”, improves the research on the action mechanism of enterprise technology for social good, and provides theoretical reference for digital rural governance. First of all, the government should improve the digital literacy level of rural entrepreneurs in an all-round and multi-channel way, so that rural entrepreneurs can use digital technology to revitalize the countryside and serve the local economy, keep the bottom line of science and technology ethics, and practice the concept of science and technology for good. Secondly, incentive policies should be formulated for rural female entrepreneurs, and attention should be paid to the cultivation of female digital literacy. Finally, we should strengthen the social value guidance of rural entrepreneurs, cultivate their awareness and ability to proactively solve social problems, and improve their social value perception ability.
With the acceleration of scientific and technological revolution, China is seizing emerging technologies to promote economic development and social well-being, but we also face some ethical challenges of science and technology. On the one hand, many technology companies develop technological goodness through safe, green, healthy and sustainable ways. On the other hand, there are still many companies abuse technology to pursue profits blindly, resulting in ethical disorder, user privacy data leakage, human society is also facing life health safety. In this context, how to drive enterprises to develop technology for social good has become an important issue. According to social responsibility theory, enterprises can regard technology goodness as a strategic social responsibility, and enhance social benefits and economic benefits at the same time by transforming social problems into business opportunities. Under this framework, openness mechanism and appropriability mechanism become important factors that influence enterprises to develop technology goodness. However, there is a lack of research on the driving factors of enterprise technology for social good, and there is no research to explore how openness mechanism and appropriability mechanism drive enterprises to develop technological goodness from the dual perspective of social benefits and economic benefits.
Based on the perspective of strategic social responsibility, the paper explores the effects of openness mechanism, appropriability mechanism and the comprehensive balance of the both mechanisms on technological goodness of enterprises. The paper also considers the moderating effects of contingency factors, including executive virtue ethics and regional legal environment. Moreover, the theoretical model for openness mechanism and appropriability mechanism affecting technological goodness of enterprises is built. Furthermore, the study uses 274 high-tech service enterprises to testify the hypotheses by regression analysis and robustness check.
The results show that openness mechanism, appropriability mechanism and the comprehensive balance of the both mechanisms have positive impact on technological goodness of enterprises, executive virtue ethics and regional legal environment have positive moderating effects on the above relationship. The study enriches the research on social responsibility theory in the context of digital economy. From the perspective of strategic matching, the study provides a valuable supplement to the research on the single strategy of enterprises. From the perspective based on the interaction effect between internal values and external environment, the study reveals the black-box mechanisms of how enterprises promote technological goodness.
Based on the above, the research provides specific practical guidance for the government and enterprises to reduce ethical risks and promote technological goodness. For enterprises, first of all, enterprises should actively cooperate with external stakeholders, comprehensively understand social problems, integrate social demand into technology development, and promote social progress through cooperative innovation. Second, while pursuing economic benefits, enterprises should pay attention to the construction of appropriability mechanism. By strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights to stimulate innovative vitality and the awareness of technological responsibility. Third, enterprises should balance openness mechanism and appropriability mechanism, and take social responsibility while making profits. Fourth, enterprises should pay attention to improving executive virtue ethics, encourage executives to establish correct values and ethics, and ensure that they play an active role in technology development. The government should further enhance legal service capacity, formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations, strengthen communication and cooperation with enterprises, social organizations and the public, and support enterprises to carry out scientific and technological ethical research and innovative practices.
