Abstract: The basic mechanism of experts in the peer review of scientific research projects refers to the institutional arrangement related to the selection, evaluation and incentive of the review experts, which plays a basic and core role in ensuring the effectiveness of the review of scientific research projects. In this paper, based on the international cases studies, the management details related to the selection and incentive of experts in the peer review of scientific research project in funding institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Australia et al. were sorted and analyzed. The management details were mainly involved in three aspects: expert selection and management, conflict of interest avoidance and post-evaluation of expert review behavior. Then the rationality of these management details was analyzed, in order to provide reference for Chinese research project funding institutions to further improve the expert basic mechanism in China, which would be important to promote the effectiveness of research project review.

摘要： 科研项目评审中的专家基础性制度是指与评审专家的遴选、评价和激励相关的制度安排，在保障科研项目评审有效性中发挥着基础和核心作用。本文基于国际案例分析，梳理形成了美、英、加、德、澳等国科研项目资助机构在开展项目评审中与专家遴选和激励有关的管理细节，主要涉及专家入库遴选和管理、利益冲突规避和专家评审行为的后评价三大方面，并尝试开展了对这些管理细节的合理性的辨析，以期为我国科研项目资助机构进一步完善和健全我国科研项目评审中的专家基础制度、提升科研项目评审有效性提供参考。