Abstract: Against the backdrop of intensifying global technological competition and shifting geopolitical landscapes, U.S. research integrity and research security policies have undergone a pronounced strategic transformation, aiming to address heightened competition and security challenges in scientific research. To elucidate the underlying logic and evolutionary trajectory of these policies, this study analyzed 72 core federal-level policy documents issued from 2000 to 2024 using an LDA-based topic modeling approach. The findings indicate that the United States has established a three-layered policy framework—encompassing global governance, institutional regulation, and implementation support—that comprises eight principal themes, including global research governance and risk mitigation, misconduct investigation, foreign influence and conflict of interest, and peer review and ethical standards. Over time, U.S. research integrity and security policies have shifted from a singular focus on regulating misconduct toward more multifaceted governance. Initially, policy efforts centered on addressing frequent misconduct cases and strengthening enforcement mechanisms. Since 2011, the policy landscape has expanded to emphasize a range of issues such as compliance, disclosure, peer review, and conflicts of interest. In the most recent phase, policy priorities have become more balanced, highlighting the necessity of long-term strategies that reconcile academic openness with robust security oversight. Furthermore, the study reveals notable functional and thematic variations among federal agencies responsible for formulating and implementing these policies, reflecting an increasingly specialized and collaborative approach to research governance. These insights offer a new perspective on the driving forces behind U.S. policy adjustments and serve as a valuable reference for China and other nations seeking to play a more proactive role in global research governance.

摘要： 在全球科技竞争日益加剧和地缘政治形势不断演变的背景下，美国科研诚信与科研安全政策呈现出愈发明显的战略化转向，旨在应对科技领域的多重竞争与安全挑战。为探究其内在逻辑与演化规律，本研究选取了2000至2024年间美国联邦层面的72份核心政策文档为分析对象，运用LDA主题模型技术进行系统化挖掘与量化分析。分析结果显示，美国形成全球治理、制度规范与实施保障三大层面的科研诚信与科学安全政策框架，涵盖全球科研治理与风险防控、科研不端调查机制、境外影响与利益冲突、同行评议与伦理规范等八大主题。美国科研诚信与科研安全政策经历了从单一监管向多维治理的演进过程。早期政策重心相对集中，多聚焦于科研不端调查与政策执行机制，以应对彼时频发的学术不端事件；2011年之后政策开始向多元化领域延伸，科研合规与信息披露、同行评议与伦理规范、境外影响与利益冲突等议题轮番成为关注焦点。最近两年美国则进入更加系统的综合治理阶段，多个主题所占比重相对均衡，注重建立兼顾安全管控与学术开放的长效机制。美国科研诚信与安全政策的演化路径突显了其对外部环境变化的快速反应与及时调整。研究还揭示了美国联邦层面不同部门在科研诚信与科研安全政策制定和执行中的职能分化与侧重点差异。这种差异化分工在一定程度上反映了美国科研治理的专业化与协作化趋势。论文为理解美国科研诚信与科研安全政策调整背后的逻辑与动因提供了新的视角，也为中国在未来全球科研治理中发挥更加积极的作用提供了重要参考。