Abstract: This paper is based on the discourses by Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, on the important role of citizens' scientific literacy in innovation and development. A theoretical and practical analysis is conducted of how improving the scientific literacy of different groups of people promotes innovation and development from three dimensions: the source, process and end of scientific and technological innovation. It holds that citizens' scientific literacy is a "booster" or "accelerator" that acts on the whole process of scientific and technological innovation in different ways. It influences scientific and technological innovation and ultimately promotes innovation and development by strengthening the "source" at the front end of scientific and technological innovation, smoothing the "flow" of the process and expanding the "pool" at the end. On this basis, adhering to the principle of "placing science popularization on an equal footing with scientific and technological innovation", and focusing on promoting the collaborative interaction and resonance between scientific and technological innovation and the improvement of citizens' scientific literacy, this paper puts forward policy and work suggestions on integrating the construction of citizens' scientific literacy and scientific and technological innovation into the target system, responsibility system, organization system and evaluation system of innovative development.

摘要： 近年来，中国政府高度重视公民科学素质建设以及其在科技创新中的作用。以习近平总书记关于公民科学素质对创新发展重要作用的论述为遵循，从科技创新的源头、过程和终端三个维度对提高不同人群的科学素质促进创新发展进行理论和实践分析，认为公民科学素质是一种“助推剂”或“加速剂”，以不同的方式作用于科技创新全过程，通过增强科技创新的前端“源”、畅通过程“流”、扩大终端“库”，从而影响着科技创新，最终促进创新发展。在此基础上，秉持“把科学普及放在与科技创新同等重要的位置”原则，结合我国发展国情和国外有益经验，着眼于促进科技创新和提升公民科学素质协同互动、同频共振，提出了将公民科学素质建设和科技创新一体融入创新发展的目标体系、责任体系、组织体系和评价体系的政策和工作建议。