Abstract: This paper undertakes a systematic review and theoretical synthesis of the mechanisms through which Pasteur-type scientists engage in and catalyze industry-university collaboration (IUC). Moving beyond theoretical exposition, the research is empirically grounded in the practical model of Industry-University Collaborative R&D Centers, a policy-driven initiative prominently adopted by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within Hubei Province, China. The methodological approach combines a review of extant literature with rich, qualitative data derived from semi-structured interviews conducted with administrators and principal investigators at twelve distinct such centers. This robust methodological foundation enables the construction of a novel, multi-level incentive theory that explicates the drivers of Pasteurian scientific engagement within the complex socio-economic framework of IUC. The theoretical model pivots on two central pillars: the indispensable, agency-like role of the Pasteur-type scientist as a bridge between fundamental inquiry and applied commercial development, and the critical importance of institutional incentive structures designed to augment the innovative output of these partnerships. Quantitative analysis conducted as part of this study yields a compelling finding: collaborative ventures that actively involve Pasteur-type scientists demonstrate a statistically significant enhancement in patent output, with an average increase of 3.512 patents compared to those that do not feature such pivotal figures. This finding underscores the scientist's role not merely as a participant but as a fundamental multiplier of innovation productivity. Delving deeper into the institutional enablers, the theory posits and validates several key moderating factors. Firstly, the organizational transformation of the academic institution itself is paramount. When the host university of a Pasteur-type scientist consciously evolves towards an "entrepreneurial university" model, it institutionalizes support structures that are critical for success. Crucially, this shift involves the implementation of equitable research assessment and evaluation systems that recognize and reward applied research, patent filings, and knowledge transfer activities on par with traditional academic publications. This institutional legitimacy removes a significant barrier to scientist participation and directly correlates with greater collaborative output. Secondly, the micro-level design of the collaboration contract is identified as a direct motivational lever. Agreements that stipulate transparent, equitable, and forward-looking clauses regarding intellectual property (IP) ownership and the sharing of long-term profits/revenues serve as powerful ex-ante incentives. By ensuring that Pasteur-type scientists are not merely compensated for their time but are also granted a stake in the future commercial success stemming from their ingenuity, these contracts align the interests of the individual researcher with the broader objectives of the collaboration, thereby fostering deeper commitment and yielding superior innovation performance. Finally, the macro-level role of government and external stakeholders is emphasized. The research finds that proactive support from local governments, manifested through higher direct subsidies for IUC projects, acts as a crucial risk-mitigating catalyst. Furthermore, government agencies can perform a vital brokerage function by facilitating introductions and attracting greater volumes of social capital and venture funding into these partnerships. This injection of financial and network resources expands the operational scale and ambition of the R&D centers, creating a more fertile environment for the generation of marketable technologies and thus leading to a higher volume of tangible outcomes.

摘要： 文章梳理了巴斯德型科学家参与产学合作的理论，基于湖北省中小企业校企合作研发中心这一实践形式，结合12家校企合作研发中心的半结构化访谈，构建了巴斯德型科学家在产学合作中的激励理论。围绕着巴斯德型科学家在产学合作研究中的关键作用以及促进产学合作创新产出增加的制度激励，使用双重、三重差分法，验证了巴斯德型科学家参与下的产学合作，平均专利产出高出3.512。当巴斯德型科学家所在的大学积极向“创业型大学”转变时，大学可以为产学合作提供公平的科研考核评价制度，产学合作的产出更大；当产学合作合同中对参与合作的校方科学家提供了更为公平的知识产权和远期收益分享条款时，也会激励巴斯德型科学家更多的投入，从而产学合作创新绩效更优；当地方政府给予了更高的补贴，引介了更多的社会资本时，则更有利于产学合作产出更多成果。