Abstract: Due to the diffusion effect of knowledge, teamwork gradually dominates the knowledge production process in most technical fields. Describe the characteristics and models of scientific collaboration has become the focus of scholars at home and abroad. However, whether collaborative research can produce patents with higher quality requires further testing. Based on the patent data authorized by USPTO of China and other seven economies from 1975 to 2017, this paper compares and analyzes the characteristics of patent quality and evolution trend in various economies, and uses Poisson model to empirically study the inventor collaboration on the patent quality in China. The study shows that, compared with non-collaboration, firstly, the inventor collaboration can effectively improve the patent quality. Further, international collaboration of inventors has a significantly higher effect than the domestic. Secondly, the inventor collaboration between China and the United States has the most obvious effect on the improvement of patent quality, while the contribution from collaboration with Japan and Germany is relatively small, and the collaboration with Taiwan can effectively promote the accumulation of forward citations. Thirdly, the corporate-university and corporate-research institutes collaboration exhibit the largest positive impacts on patent quality, while the inter-corporate collaboration can effectively promote the accumulation of patents' forward references, but inhibit the increase in the number of claims. In addition, the other configurations include at least one university or research institute have no positive impact on patent quality.

摘要： 由于知识具有扩散效应，团队合作逐渐成为多数技术领域进行知识生产的主要方式，描述科学合作的特征与模式也成为国内外学者的研究重点。但是，合作研究是否可以产生更高质量的专利，需要进一步的检验。基于1975-2017年中国及其他七个经济体在USPTO授权的专利数据，对比分析了各个经济体的专利质量及演变趋势，并运用泊松模型实证分析了专利发明人合作对我国专利质量的影响效果。研究发现，首先，相比于不合作，专利发明人合作能有效提高专利质量，但专利发明人的国际合作对专利质量的提升作用显著高于国内合作。其次，中国和美国的发明人合作对专利质量的提升作用最明显，和日本、德国合作的正向贡献较小，而和台湾地区的合作对专利的前向引用具有明显的促进作用。最后，企业-大学、企业-研发机构的合作对提升专利质量有较大的积极影响，企业间的合作能有效促进专利的前向引用数量，但对增加权利要求数量具有抑制作用。大学、研发机构的两两合作及“产学研”合作对专利质量的提高无显著影响。