Abstract: The development of science and technology and the increasing competition in society have led human beings to seek the enhancement of their capabilities at various levels, including the biomedical enhancement of the subject's moral and emotional well-being. The generalization of biomedical technologies makes the definition of treatment and enhancement increasingly difficult. As a fundamental issue of human enhancement, the distinction between treatment and enhancement and its implications are decisive for assessing the ethical risks of a given technology and delimiting the ethical boundaries of public health policy. Nevertheless, in the case of moral enhancement, the specificity of the purpose and mechanism of enhancement, as well as the non-positional goods, double-edged sword, and utilitarian attributes of "morality" itself, make it impossible to use the traditional distinction between treatment and enhancement as a basis for assessing the ethical issues of the technology or for screening its feasibility and technological desirability.

摘要： 科技的发展、社会竞争的日益激烈使人类不断在各方面寻求对自身能力的提升，包括以生物医学手段对主体道德情感进行增强。生物医学技术的泛用使治疗与增强的界定愈发困难。作为人类增强的基础问题，治疗与增强的区分及其意义内涵对评估特定技术的伦理风险、划定公共卫生政策的伦理边界都起到决定性作用。然而，在道德增强技术的案例中，增强目标及增强机制的特殊性，以及“道德”本身的非地位性商品属性、“双刃剑”属性、功利属性都决定了无法简单以传统区分治疗与增强的方式作为评估该项技术伦理问题的基础，或是甄别其可行性与技术可欲求性。