According to the ideal of "autonomy", science is the business in the scientific communities. But in fact, there were disputes between "the self" and "the others"——from religious groups, humanities scholars to governments and industries, and the present social public——during the evolution of the science，which resulting in different types of value conflicts and social controversies. The social governance of science requires scientific communities not to view "the others" as the destroyers of scientific values any more，but the collaborators. However, the rise of populism put the transformation of governance into a dilemma. Therefore, to implement the national policy of the public innovation, need not only the understanding of science by the public, but also the understanding of the public by the scientists.
Thesis quality is a key index to evaluate researchers’ work. Currently, thesis quality evaluation is mainly determined on their citations and published journals. However, the citation statistics lag and the one-sideness of judging only by the journal not by the content have affected the accuracy and scientific nature of individual thesis quality evaluation. This article took 6019 papers that have been included in F5000 as samples, and explored the keyword feature of excellent papers by using knowledge mapping and co-word analysis to analyze expert review comments. Finding out and summarizing the outstanding paper features in innovation, value, content and writing, not only provides a support method to identify excellent papers, but also gives new ideas and reference for thesis quality evaluation and researchers’ academic evaluation.
Derivation model is one of the important ways to develop and form industry. The paper absorbs rational theory kernel including evolution economics theory, theory of institutional change, constructivism theory and entrepreneurship theory, and which puts forward the theoretical hypothesis on the importance of historical evolution, satisfactory decision, entrepreneurship, derivative development power, active constructivism, and which constructs a conceptual model of the derived model from the perspective of integration based on heterogeneous human capital leading entrepreneurship as the core, and which theoretically and normatively expounds the mechanism of industry derivation development. Finally, the paper takes industry derivation development of Zhongguancun in Beijing as an example to makes a case interpretation.
The generic technology service platform that “private run with official assisting” is a kind of quasi-bublic organization combined public welfare and business. How can its business model formate and evolve under the driven of the government and market? The single case study of software finds the market can be divided into dogs,cash cows, question marks and stars by means of the modified BCG Matrix.The business model of platform should evolve from a single model that provides quasi-public service mainly to the composite one that provides quasi-public service as basis and market-oriented business as power.The strategies’ development and implementation of the market penetration, the market development, the product development and the diversification are the internal mechanism that promote the evolution of the platform’s business model.
This paper analyzed the mechanism of producer service agglomeration to enhance industrial efficiency and its spatial spillover effect starting from the inner mechanism of producer service agglomeration. On this basis, according to Chinese statistical data of 2003-2013 years in 285 cities, using spatial Durbin models, we analyzed the spatial spillover effect of producer service agglomeration on the improvement of industrial efficiency. The results showed that producer service agglomeration not only improved industrial efficiency in the area, but also improved industrial efficiency in surrounding areas through spatial spillover effect. And the spatial spillover effect existed in the border region. From the perspective of producer service agglomeration externalities, specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration had significant different effect on the improvement of industrial efficiency in different scale cities.
In this paper, on the basis of improved the Solow model, using the empirical research method, in line with international standards to measure the amount of intangible assets, growth, structure, and the share of GDP in our country, and the investment situation of intangible assets with other countries on the basis of the comparison analysis. The study found that China's intangible assets mainly comes from innovation capital and organization capital contribution, and the amount of intangible assets and its present obvious increase in the proportion of GDP, but there are still insufficient in total amount, the structure is not reasonable and so on compared with foreign major developed countries.
For the shortcomings of the present IAMs in the aspect of technological progress, this study used an IAM called CIECIA (Wang et al, 2016). In this IAM, a broader concept of low-carbon technology was introduced, and the endogenous of technological progress was realized by R&D driven process technological progress. Based on this model, this study predicted the future global economic growth and carbon emissions, and simulated the impacts of R&D investments on the economies and carbon emissions of countries. The results indicate that in the baseline, developing countries like China and India with higher growth rates will have large carbon emissions in future. China will meet its carbon peak around 2034. The emissions of developed countries with lower growth rates will continue to decline. Improving of R&D investing rates can reduce the carbon emissions effectively, especially in developing countries, and the carbon peaks of developing countries will move ahead largely. While the R&D rates rise up to 7%, most of countries will achieve their INDCs and the global temperature can be controlled under 2℃, and under 16% R&D rates the 1.5℃ target can be achieved in 2100. However, the R&D abilities of countries are limited, and the investing rates cannot be raised sharply in a short time. Thus, the global mitigation target will not be achieved by improving R&D investments only. From the perspective of policy design, R&D improvement promotes economic growths, and thus is quite suited to combine with other reduction measures, compensating for the economic loss by the other measures, and improving the feasibility of mitigation policy portfolio.
Using funding size per round and inter-round duration to measure stage financing, we study how venture capital stage financing affect corporate’s R&D investment with the data of firms listed on Chi-Next and SME Board Market. The conclusions are as follows: first, funding size per round and inter-round duration are both significantly positively correlated with R&D intensity. Second, after subdividing the samples we find for different investment stages the influence of stage financing on R&D intensity is different. For early stage investment funding size per round is significantly positively correlated with R&D intensity and inter-round duration is significantly negatively correlated with R&D intensity while for late stage investment funding size per round is positively correlated with R&D intensity but not significantly and inter-round duration is significantly positively correlated with R&D intensity. The results indicate that by stage financing venture capital not only alleviate financial constraints of corporate’s R&D activities but adjust inter-round duration to adjust monitoring intensity based on characteristics of different investment stages in order to facilitate corporate ‘s innovation investment.
With the implementation of “The Belt and Road Initiatives”, more and more Chinese new ventures begin to take use of international resources through international entrepreneurship (IE). Based on 202 questionnaire survey, this paper put up with a new construct international entrepreneurial self-efficacy (IESE) and studies the relationship among IESE, IE mode and IE performance. Empirical analysis shows that both IESE and IE mode has a significant positive relationship with IE performance and its two dimensions including financial performance and non-financial performance. Furthermore, IE mode has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between IESE and IE performance. In addition, international entrepreneurs with high level of IESE tend to choose investment mode. Performance of contract mode is less than that of investment mode but more than that of export mode.
Based on the social network theory, the paper takes the longitudinal case study and investigates the period before technology standard development and the impact of technology sponsors’ network patterns on standard alliance and the emergence of a dominant design. The case study on the standard battle between BD and HD DVD in the compact disc industry shows that technology sponsors with higher degree centrality may attract more potential technology supporters, thereby increases the size and diversity of standard alliance. The case study also shows that the impact of technology sponsors’ network tie relationship on the size of standard alliance depends both on the network tie strength and on the different stages of standard alliance. In the early stage of standard alliance evolution, technology sponsors may attract actors with whom they have built up strong ties to join the standard alliance; In the later stage of standard alliance evolution, even there exist strong ties between technology sponsors and technology supporters, the relationship may be exposed to opportunism in “winner-takes-all” standard battles as the standard battle continues over time. The conclusions have both theoretical and practical implications to understand the emergence of dominant designs and the technology sponsors who participate standard battles.
Under the background of the globalization of the world economy, the flow rate of human resources, capital, information, technology is becoming faster and faster in the global scope. It has brought a large number of frontier technology and management experience, also created a good condition for the latecomer firms to capture market opportunities and pursue leading firms. This paper studies the timing choice of disruptive innovation for the latecomer firms, the study found that, dynamic market demand growth rate, consumption preference, market stratification clarity, technical iteration rate, technology innovation space, the difficulty of technology acquisition, industry outlook, industry vertical division, the internal knowledge flow, tax incentives, talent reserves, government services and financing system, a total of 13 factors play an important role in the process of disruptive innovation.
Compared to the traditional independent R&D and internal R&D, seeking the approach of the external knowledge sourcing and non-R&D innovation is an effective innovation transformation strategy under the condition of open innovation. Based on China's high-tech industry provincial panel data during 2009-2014, this paper analysis the characteristics, regional heterogeneity and development trend of the external knowledge sourcing and non-R&D innovation path and empirical research its impact mechanism on the patent output. The results show that: the funds of the eastern region to carry out external sourcing, non-R&D activities is much higher than the central and western regions, while the proportion of the external knowledge sourcing and non-R&D innovation investments in the western region and the northeast region is higher than that in the eastern and central regions, and the regional heterogeneity is significant. High-tech industry has a significant positive impact on patent output through the external knowledge sourcing and non-R&D innovation, which needs to be paid enough attention and utilization. And the cooperative driving effect between the external knowledge sourcing, non-R&D and internal R&D showing no significant or weak negative effect and the positive synergy effect of diversified innovation path is not fully played at this stage in China. The study provides an effective reference for optimizing the allocation of innovation resources and exploring the unique and effective way to diversify innovation of high-tech industry.
Although previous studies have touched upon the role of downstream firms’ knowledge on the innovation, there still need a systemic and deep discussion on the effect of using downstream firms’ knowledge in the inventions. In this paper, we focus on the newness of inventions, and according to it to classify innovations. We use two dimensions to express the innovation’s newness: the novelty of the technological domain (the innovation is initiated in an unfamiliar domain to the supplier) and the emergingness of the knowledge elements (emerging or nascent technological knowledge is used in the innovation). Then four types of innovations generated by crossing these two dimensions, and each type exhibits different kind of technological newness: the type 1 innovations (using mature knowledge in a familiar domain), the type 2 innovations (applying emerging knowledge in a familiar domain), the type 3 innovations (using mature knowledge to enter a novel domain), and the type 4 innovations (using emerging knowledge to enter a novel domain). An empirical analysis applying patent data of the US automotive industry shows that, automakers are the most effective knowledge source for the supplier’s type 3 innovations, and they are equally effective to the supplier’s internal source for the type 1 innovations; the use of automakers’ knowledge has no significant relationship to the usefulness of the type 2 or the type 4 innovations.
