Science and technology ethics is a value criterion and code of conduct, which must be complied in activities of scientific research and technological development. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to improve the system of scientific and technological innovation. Strengthening the governance of science and technology ethics is an important way to achieve this goal. It is important for sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening to strengthen the ethical governance of science and technology. The ethical governance of science and technology in China faces challenges and situations such as enhancing international competitiveness in science and technology, strengthening ethical regulation in emerging technology fields, and balancing scientific and technological innovation with ethical regulation in a reasonable manner. The paper analyzes the following issues exist in the current ethical governance of science and technology in China, that is, policies and regulatory mechanisms are incomplete, ethical review standardization and talents are lacking, scientific and research person and the public and news media are lack of guidance. Finally, the strategies and proposals to strengthen ethical governance of science and technology are advanced. The strategies and proposals can provide some references for formulation of a science-technology ethical governance system which is suitable for Chinese characteristics.

In the process of the construction of "Digital China" and "Beautiful China", this paper takes the balanced panel data of 274 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2011 to 2019 as samples, and on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of digital economy itself, discusses the impact of digital economy on urban green development from two aspects of action mechanism and threshold effect. The study found that digital economy significantly promoted urban green development, and this promoting effect was more obvious in eastern cities, smart city pilot cities and cities with strong intellectual property protection. Further research shows that digital economy can promote urban green development by promoting the servitization of economic structure, stimulating green technology innovation and enhancing public environmental concern. With the extensive construction of the current digital infrastructure, social electricity consumption and carbon emissions continue to increase, and the impact of digital economy on urban green development has a non-linear feature of diminishing marginal effect. The research conclusions of this paper not only actively promote cities to embrace the new paradigm of green development, but also provide a useful reference for the construction of an intensive and low-carbon modern infrastructure system and the realization of digital green coordinated development.

The national strategic system and national strategic capabilities are an organic whole. The integration of the strategic system is the process of integrating various interrelated national strategies to form an organic whole at the national level. The integration of strategic capabilities is the integration and efficiency of various interrelated economic and defense forces to form a comprehensive capability. To build an integrated national strategic system and capabilities is to organically unify national strategies to form a national strategic system with clear levels, optimized structure, coordinated promotion, and coordinated resonance. The military and civilian forces and resources are integrated into a national capability that integrates the military and civilians and enhances overall efficiency. Insufficient economic and national defense imbalance is an important aspect of the integrated national strategic system and capability contradiction. Regional (horizontal) and field (vertical) spatial and functional structures should be built to carry it, as well as the corresponding organizational structure to form a high-quality industry. system, high-level open system, high-standard ecological system, and high-efficiency governance system, and gradually realize the overall target form.

In recent years, a large number of digital platform enterprises with ecological strategies have flourished and many valuable research works have emerged. However, different research fields use their own terms, theories and methods, resulting in theoretical differences on many important issues, which will not only cause ambiguity in practice, but also hinder the further development and integration of digital platform ecosystem researches. Therefore, this study attempts to systematize the researches related to digital platform ecosystem by sorting out the core views of different research schools. On this basis, this study further expounds the possible research directions of digital platform ecosystem in the future, contributes knowledge to the development of platform ecosystem in the face of the digital economy. Some existing studies have confused the concepts of "platform", "platform ecosystem" and "digital platform ecosystem" to a certain extent. This study firstly clarifies the definitions of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem to avoid the ambiguity and confusion of similar concepts. At the same time, this study selects 368 papers that are highly relevant to digital platform ecosystem based on the differences in the concepts and research content of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem, and conducts a statistical analysis of the literature. Secondly, this study compares the research focus of the economic perspective, technical perspective, organizational perspective and strategic perspective by reviewing the literature related to digital platform ecosystem. The economics perspective views platforms primarily as two-sided markets, focuses on the network effects, platform competition and interdependence of different aspects of the market. Technical perspective emphasizes platform as system, focusing on technical architecture design and architecture evaluation of digital platform ecosystem. The organizational perspective explicitly conceptualizes the platform and complementors as a unique form of organization: the meta-organization. The strategic perspective views platforms as a way to find strategic coherence, focuses on the organizational and governance characteristics specific to platform to extend existing strategy theory and examine how complementors use different strategies to influence their value creation activities. Finally, this study proposes directions for more in-depth exploration of future research themes, research content and research design from the perspectives of economics, technology, organization and strategy, integrates the views of various research schools and proposes a theoretical framework, in order to promote the development and integration of future research. This study attempts to break through the isolation between research schools through a systematic literature review to achieve the sorting and integration of cross-disciplinary research. It contributes to the future study of digital platform ecosystem that closely links platform phenomena with classical theories, realize dynamic, richer research scenarios and diverse research methods. The main contributions of this study are as follows. Firstly, drawing on previous researches, we provide definitions and conceptualizations of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem to avoid confusion between these three concepts. Secondly, this study summarizes the core issues of existing research from economic perspective, technical perspective, organizational perspective and strategic perspective, and helps to generate more dialogue across different research schools. Thirdly, we propose possible future research directions for the digital platform ecosystem and hope to make more rapid progress in future research and practice, thus contributing to the study of the digital platform ecosystem.

“SRDI” small and medium-sized enterprises (S-SMEs) are an important vehicle for implementing innovation-driven strategies. In view of the lack of research on the micro-level of S-SMEs' innovation performance in academic circles, this paper examines the significant key factors and configuration effect that influence S-SMEs' innovation performance from the perspective of complex causal effect analysis, mixing NCA, empirical regression and QCA methods, and refines the corresponding improvement paths. It is found that (1) R&D capability, financing environment and market competitiveness significantly affect the innovation performance of S-SMEs; (2) there are five configuration paths that enhance the innovation performance of different types of S-SMEs; (3) when financing is blocked, either small-scale production or improving their own market competitiveness can enable S-SMEs to maintain a high level of innovation performance target. This paper attempts a new way of thinking of complex causal effect analysis, which provides some theoretical and practical references for the study of S-SMEs' innovation performance in the future.

With the continuous advancement of digital economy and green development, whether the digital transformation of enterprises can promote the quality and quantity of green innovation is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the perspective of resources, taking the data of 748 listed enterprises from 2015 to 2020 as samples, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digitization on the quality and quantity of green innovation and the characteristics of heterogeneity, and tests the intermediary role of innovation resource investment. The research found that: (1) digitization has a significant positive effect on the quality and quantity of green innovation, which can better improve the quality of green innovation. (2) Innovative human resources investment and innovative financial resources investment play a partial intermediary effect between digitization and the quality and quantity of enterprise green innovation. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that compared with non-state-owned, non-politically related and eastern enterprises, the digitization of state-owned, politically related and non-eastern enterprises can better improve the quality and quantity of green innovation. (4) The economic consequence analysis shows that the direct positive impact of digitization on enterprise value is not significant, but the quality of green innovation plays a significant intermediate role.

Algorithmic fairness is a topic of common concern in the field of artificial intelligence and information ethics. It comes from algorithm bias in algorithm decision systems. Although technicians have made much progress in avoiding algorithm bias, there is still no consensus on how to achieve algorithm fairness at the technical level. Based on this, this research first analyzes the methods and defects of realizing algorithmic fairness from the technology path. Then, along with the current criticism and revision of realizing algorithm fairness from the single technology path, it proposes a social research framework based on Brey's "Disclosive Computer Ethics", which provides a more reasonable solution to the problem of algorithmic fairness.

Improving the policy system is a necessary prerequisite for strengthening the institutional guarantee of scientific and technological ethics governance. Taking 45 policies on technology ethics governance issued by national departments in China from 1999 to 2022 as research samples, an analysis of the external attributes of policies reveals that the temporal evolution of policy intensity showed three peaks in 2001, 2007, and 2020. The institutional types of policy issuing departments cover a diverse range. The number of publications is led by the health management department, accounting for 43%. Constructing a three-dimensional policy content analysis framework for the governance process of science and technology ethics (X) - policy tools (Y) - policy objects (Z). Using the quantitative analysis method of policy texts, it was found that the number of policy texts focused on science and technology ethics supervision in the dimension of science and technology ethics governance process was 48.2%, with system change tools accounting for 35.2%, authoritative tools accounting for 34.2%, and policy object dimensions mainly focusing on science and technology institutions accounting for 52.3%; The X-Y two-dimensional analysis found that the supervision and management, feedback and improvement processes comprehensively utilized five types of policy tools, while reporting and disclosure only used two types of policy tools: incentive tools, symbolic tools, and persuasive tools; X-Z two-dimensional analysis found that the stages of education consultation, supervision and management, and investigation and processing all covered various policy objects, while the policy objects in the reporting and disclosure stage lacked precise requirements for relevant government management departments and scientific and technological institutions; The overall distribution of policy texts in three-dimensional interactive analysis is uneven. Propose suggestions such as improving the policy system of scientific and technological ethics governance to provide institutional guidance for regulating the order of scientific and technological innovation, constructing a linkage and implementation mechanism of scientific and technological ethics governance centered on the characteristics of national strategic scientific and technological forces, and establishing a full process supervision chain support policy implementation efficiency based on scientific data digitization platform for scientific and technological activities.

The current complex and severe internal and external environment brings unprecedented impact to enterprise development, and how to improve enterprise innovation resilience has become a realistic problem to be solved. This paper clarifies the connotation and characteristics of enterprise innovation resilience and its measurement method, discusses the factors affecting enterprise innovation resilience, and analyzes the theoretical mechanisms affecting enterprise innovation resilience from several perspectives of providing redundant resources, alleviating financing constraints, and optimizing resource allocation. For further validation, venture capital, an important variable influencing firm innovation resilience, is selected for empirical analysis. Based on the quarterly data of listed companies in GEM from 2009 to 2020, this paper combines the patent data, venture capital data and venture capital organization data. It is found that venture capital support significantly enhances firms' innovation resilience, and this effect is heterogeneous by firm characteristics. In addition, the type, nature, and location of venture capital play a significant moderating role on this effect. Based on the research results, relevant policy recommendations are proposed, which provide useful references for firms to survive and grow in turbulent times.

At present,the security and stability of the global manufacturing industry chain are facing unprecedented challenges.How to improve the resilience of the industry chain and strengthen the construction of the industry chain has become an urgent problem to be solved.Based on the balanced panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2007 to 2017,from the perspective of industrial transformation and upgrading and innovation chain construction,this paper studies the impact of collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing industry and science and technology service industry (hereinafter referred to as collaborative agglomeration of two industries) on the resilience of manufacturing industry chain,and discusses how the collaborative agglomeration of two industries affects the resilience of manufacturing industry chain by influencing technological innovation,On this basis,we further explore the regulatory role of innovation ecosystem symbiosis in this mechanism.The research finds that: the collaborative agglomeration of two industries can significantly promote the resilience of the manufacturing industry chain by influencing technological innovation.The symbiosis of innovation ecosystem can effectively adjust the impact of the collaborative agglomeration of two industries on the resilience of the manufacturing industry chain.The collaborative agglomeration of two industries can not only directly affect the toughness of the manufacturing industry chain,but also effectively adjust the impact of technological innovation on the toughness of the manufacturing industry chain.Based on the above research conclusions,relevant suggestions are put forward to enhance the resilience of the manufacturing industry chain.

Generative artificial intelligence (AIGC) is being integrated into social life and is participating in knowledge production. It also creates new digital inequalities, and scholars are concerned about deepening the digital divide. This article explores the theoretical context of artificial intelligence and its impact on society and tries to answer how AIGC shapes the "AI divide" in the context of the development of Digital China. At the technical level, the "AI divide" involves three dimensions: data, algorithms, and computing power. Data sets serve as the foundation of AIGC, similar to soil. The scale parameters, source channels, content types, and even languages of the data sets invisibly shape the "AI divide". The algorithm model consists of self-supervised learning and human feedback reinforcement learning. It is similar to the roots and stems of a plant, which determines the vitality of AIGC to bloom and bear fruit. Computing power is AIGC's information infrastructure, connecting the real world (chips) and the virtual world (data and algorithms), determining the processing speed of computing operations and the depth of integration in the digital industry. As modern technology becomes increasingly dominant in shaping our understanding of the world and history, social stratification theory can help us understand the impact of the "AI divide". The first level involves the divide among individuals, specifically between ordinary users, in accessing and utilizing AI technology. This includes language barriers, paywalls, practical skills, willingness to use, perception of benefits, and the desire to learn. The second aspect pertains to human-machine differentiation, which, on the surface, refers to the distinction between humans and autonomous AI agents. However, at its core, it represents the divide between the majority who lack technological initiative and the minority who wield it due to their control over digital resources. It refers to using digital resources by countries, regions, or individuals to participate in the development, share knowledge, and overcome differences in capabilities for autonomous growth. To bridge the "AI divide", it is important to establish an independent and self-sufficient technological innovation system. We should also explore and optimize application scenarios to make the most of this system. China needs to take the lead in AI development in the future and promote the construction, transformation, and application of AIGC resources by different enterprises, scientific research institutions, and industry organizations. It must also establish a fair and standardized platform governance ecosystem and create a good technology atmosphere. Equality should be embedded into AIGC's technology process, including algorithm design, training data selection, model generation, and optimization. This will give people of different countries, ethnic groups, and classes the right to participate in scientific development. Finally, China should plan more diverse ecological alliance forms and participate in cooperation platforms under multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. China should transform games and competitions into consultation and cooperation, connect wider upstream and downstream resources, and try to build a global AI governance community. The article proposes the concept of the "AI divide", which deepens the third-generation digital divide theory in artificial intelligence and has significant practical implications for understanding the development of digital China and the economic and social transformation.

Accelerate the digitization process of manufacturing industry, help enterprises with green transformation and development, and bring new opportunities for realizing the win-win goal of "golden mountain and silver mountain" and "green water and green mountain". This paper theoretically analyzes the theoretical mechanism of input digitization on enterprise green transformation production, and empirically tests the impact characteristics and mechanism of input digitization on enterprise pollution emission intensity and green growth efficiency combined with wiod input-output database, China industrial enterprise database and China industrial enterprise pollution emission and governance micro database. The results show that input digitization has a significant "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement" effect, and plays a role through the channels of technological innovation and production flexibility. The expansibility test shows that the "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement " effect of input digitization shows the characteristics of high energy consumption industry is greater than low energy consumption industry, capital intensive industry is greater than technology intensive and labor-intensive industry; Input digitization has stronger "emission reduction" effect on old industrial bases and resource-based cities, and stronger "efficiency enhancemen" effect on non resource-based cities and non old industrial bases.In addition, the high skilled labor factors of enterprises and the technology application and transformation ability of each province have a positive regulatory effect on the "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement" effect of input digitization. The research conclusions provide micro evidence and decision-making basis for accelerating the digital process and building an environment-friendly, optimized and efficient manufacturing development model.

At present, the domestic and international situation is undergoing profound and complex changes. On the one hand, the world situation is intricate and changing rapidly, and unstable and uncertain factors have increased significantly; on the other hand, due to the impact of the epidemic, the downward pressure on the domestic economy has increased significantly. Labor employment presents serious challenges. In view of this, we urgently need to find a realistic path for the stability and high-quality employment of the Chinese labor force, which is of great significance to the current economic development and social prosperity. In the era of digital economy, the impact of digital transformation on labor employment of manufacturing companies has received increasing attention. Based on the data of listed Chinese A-share manufacturing companies, this paper finds that digital transformation has significantly promoted labor employment and has become a strong driving force for expanding labor demand and stimulating employment in the digital economy era. In terms of impact mechanism, digital transformation can promote labor employment through three channels: market scale effect, business scope effect and productivity effect. Research based on heterogeneity found that for high-tech companies, technology-intensive companies, and companies in the central and western regions, the employment promotion effect of digital transformation is more obvious. Finally, this article also finds that digital transformation can increase the proportion of highly educated and highly skilled personnel, thus optimizing the labor structure of enterprises. Compared with the previous literature, this paper makes expansions in the following three aspects: First, this paper not only studies the overall impact of digital transformation on employment scale, but also sorts out three mechanisms of market size effect, business scope effect and productivity effect, and conducts empirical tests on this basis. The research enriches the theory and empirical evidence of the micro-effects of digital transformation, thus making up for the deficiencies of existing research. Second, this paper further examines the impact of digital transformation on the employment structure, and finds out that digital transformation will increase the proportion of highly educated personnel and highly skilled personnel, improve the human capital structure of enterprises, and form a useful supplement to the microscopic research on human capital. Third, this paper introduces factors such as industry attributes, location, and factor density into empirical analysis to explore whether digital transformation has a heterogeneous impact on the human capital of manufacturing enterprises. The research of this paper reveals the internal mechanism of the impact of digital transformation on the employment scale and structure of enterprises to a certain extent, and has important implications for all parties in the labor market. For individual workers, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the structural changes in the labor market, pay close attention to new technologies, new formats, new products, and new business models emerging in the process of digital transformation, so as to achieve high-quality matching with the labor market. For colleges and universities, it is necessary to strengthen the quality of personnel training to ensure that graduates have the corresponding job skills. From the government's point of view, the level of public employment services should be further improved to help workers and enterprises better cope with structural unemployment.

Government subsidies are of great significance to the innovative activities and sustainable development of enterprises. In order to explore the impact of government R&D subsidies and non-R&D subsidies on corporate innovation investment, and the moderating role of corporate financialization and the nature of ownership. This paper uses the data of listed companies in China from 2007 to 2019 to analyze the asymmetric impact of government R&D subsidies and non-R&D subsidies on corporate innovation investment based on signal theory, and explores the joint adjustment effect of corporate financialization and ownership in government subsidies affecting corporate R&D investment. The results found that: (1) government R&D subsidies will have an inverted U-shaped impact on corporate innovation investment, and government non-R&D subsidies will have a positive impact on corporate innovation investment; (2) corporate financialization will make government R&D subsidies affect corporate R&D investment The inverted U-shaped impact effect is more prominent, and negatively regulates the impact of government non-R&D subsidies on corporate R&D investment; (3) The attributes of state-owned enterprises will negatively regulate the impact of government non-R&D subsidies on corporate R&D investment, and the financialization of state-owned enterprises The adjustment effect of the inverted U-shaped relationship between government R&D subsidies and corporate R&D investment is weaker than that of non-state-owned enterprises; (4) In the eastern and central regions, as well as small and medium-sized board and GEM companies, government R&D subsidies and non-R&D subsidies affect corporate innovation investment There is an asymmetric effect.

The metaverse, which represents the comprehensive integration trend of the most advanced information technology, has three main characteristics: the fusion of the virtual and the real, the autonomy and the sociality. The emergence of the metaverse will trigger a linkage change in social production structure, operating mechanism, and relationship status. During the transformation, it will also lead to social risks such as the leakage of user's data privacy, the abuse of power of the metaverse platform, the manipulation of individual consciousness, the increased risk of discrimination, and the ideological Safety cannot be guaranteed . Governance schemes of the social risks should follow the principle of systematization and the concept of multi-governance. In the ethical plans, we should adhere to people-oriented, establish an ethical review organization within the metaverse community, and carry out value sensitive design and value circuit breaker design; In terms of the rule of law plans, legislation should be made timely to clarify legal disputes, and the power of metaverse platform should be regulated by means of public power supervision and protection of user's rights; in terms of technical plans, we could optimize the embeddedness and feasibility of risk responses by means of regulating code by code and govern technology by technology.

The emergence of knowledge broker makes it possible to cross the "Caplan Gap" between academia and politics, which hinders the translation of knowledge into policy. Then, what is knowledge broker? How does it facilitate the transformation of knowledge into policy? The paper first explores the origins, connotations and types of knowledge broker, and then explores the knowledge management function, bridging function, two-way capacity building function, coherence seeking function and knowledge navigation function of knowledge broker in the alignment network linking academia and politics from the perspective of "structural hole" theory. However, knowledge broker also faces three highly challenging and controversial issues, namely, vulnerability, double marginality, and moral hazard. Theoretically clarifying the issue of knowledge broker has important implications for bridging the "last mile" from academic research to public policy in China.

The trade war triggered by the United States has brought great uncertainty to the trading environment on Chinese enterprises. Based on the text mining method and difference in difference(DID) model, this paper distinguished the enterprises' perception of uncertainty and investigated the impact on enterprises' R&D investment by Sino-US trade war. The empirical results show that: firms affected by Sino-US trade frictions significantly increase R&D investment, and the robustness tests show that this promoting effect is robust. Further research shows that the impact of Sino-US trade friction on R&D investment has strong heterogeneity: the promotion effect is more obvious in state-owned enterprises and low financing constraints enterprises.

Abstract:The process of scientific research activities have a progressive, derived feature of complex structure.The scientific research innovation chain-data chain-publishing chain are closely connected and iterative.The evolution of data ecosystem and its model evolution is crucial to promoting scientific research innovation and expanding knowledge dissemination. On the basis of conceptual backtracking, this paper uses the theory of data ecosystem to elaborate the different data-driven logics of scientific research innovation and academic publishing. According to the different data thinking, data institution,data subject relationship, data management structure, data circulation environment and data management methods, the research data ecosystem can be divided into three gradual stages: closed, expanded and collaborative. Summarize the development trend of research data ecosystem from single to ecological, from fragmentation to system, from unilateral to collaborative, from point-to-point to integration, from manual to intelligent. A theoretical model for the evolution of scientific research data ecological model is proposed, and provide a new idea for promoting the overall quality improvement of each element and link of scientific research ecosystem with scientific data ecological governance.

With the rapid development of digital technology, continuous digital transformation has become a new phenomenon in the practice field. Continuous digital transformation provides beneficial ideas for accelerated adaptive organizations to win sustainable competitive advantage. Digital capability, as the prerequisite of digital transformation, is vital for enterprises to achieve digital transformation. As an organizational capability, digital capability is the output of resource orchestration mechanism. In the context of the current complex and fast-changing continuous digital transformation, how to adopt appropriate resource orchestration actions to develop digital capability according to the changes of internal and external situations has not been answered by existing studies. This study explores the evolution mechanism of digital capability in the context of continuous digital transformation from the perspective of resource orchestration. Focus on the following research questions: How the digital capability evolves in the context of continuous digital transformation? How to build and develop digital capability through resource orchestration? This study adopts a longitudinal case study approach which is suitable to extend the existing theory and generate new theoretical insights. Given the research question, theoretical sampling is employed when selecting the sample, thus the CredEx Fintech which is a new technology-based venture with continuous digital transformation practice is selected as the sample. The data encoding method is utilised to analyze and theorize the data. The research results show that: (1) In the context of continuous digital transformation from product digitalization transformation to DT(Digital Technology) productization transformation, the digital capability evolves from intelligence technology capability to technology reuse capability. (2) Resource orchestration evolves from integrated resource construction and self-consistent resource coordination to decoupled resource construction and transferred resource coordination. (3) Integrated resource construction and self-consistent resource coordination exert short-term resource reconstruction effect and innovation iteration effect respectively to form intelligence technology capability, while decoupled resource construction and transferred resource coordination exert module coupling effect and migration exogenous effect respectively to form technology reuse capability. This study proposes a development process model of digital capability in the context of continuous digital transformation, and clarifies the antecedent, effect mechanism and advancement path of digital capability. Theoretical contributions are as follows. First, this study focuses on continuous digital transformation which is an important research situation, develops the process model based on “resource orchestration—effect mechanism—digital ability” to explain the dynamic evolution mechanism of the digital ability, bridging the gap in the research of antecedent and dynamics of digital capability. Second, the special attributes of the new digital resource create more research opportunity for the resource orchestration theory. This study discusses the evolution pattern of digital resource orchestration in the context of continuous digital transformation, which contributes to the new resource orchestration theory in digital economy. Third, the study builds up the research framework of “resource construction—resource coordination—capability building” to further clarify the internal relationship between resource and capability and discusses the generation and advancement mechanism of digital capability, which deepen the research taking the resource orchestration as capability output mechanism. Moreover, this study provides management enlightenment for how enterprises construct and develop digital capability in the digital economy era.

Carbon dioxide emissions have significant externalities, while formulation and implementation of climate policies from the government may contribute to the elimination for that. China has made it clear to use the “1 + N” policy system to realize its carbon peak and carbon neutralization visions, but there is still a lack of executable and restrictive policy instruments. Applying the quantitative analysis of policy content, this paper makes a two-dimensional analysis of China's carbon emission mitigation policy from main emission fields of energy, industry, construction, and transportation according to the classification of supply-oriented, environmental, and demand-oriented policy instruments. Results show that China's energy and industrial department mainly implements carbon emission reduction policies with environmental policy instruments, while policies in the building department highly rely on demand-oriented policy instruments, and policies in the transportation department pay equal attention to supply-oriented and environmental policy instruments. Specifically, the energy department mainly establishment policy conducive environment to carbon emission reduction by industrial layout, target setting, and regulatory rules, while the industrial department mainly by financial support, regulatory rules, and tax incentives. Carbon emission reduction policies in the building department highly rely on demand-based policy instruments, and the subcategories of policy instruments for technology promotion, pilot demonstrations, and major projects account for more than half of the total number of policy instruments. Science and technology investment and incentive mechanisms are the main supply-oriented policy instruments of the transportation department, and structural adjustment, financial support, and regulation rules are the main environmental policy instruments. The following problems were identified: (1) China’s carbon emission reduction policies are obviously tilted towards the energy sector, while the existing policies lack attention on the electrification level improvement of industry, building, and transportation department, and the power consumption capacity of renewable energy. (2) Unbalanced combination of policy instruments was observed in several departments. For instance, the application of regulatory approaches in the building department is insufficient. Supply-oriented policy in the transportation department is significantly more than the demand-based policy, and may no longer be able to meet the current market-driven policy demands. (3) Some frequently applied policy sub-categories, such as the technical input of supply-oriented policy instruments and the financial support of environmental policy instruments, were lack of coercive force or the policy expression is not clear, which might lead to uncertainties in implementation effects. Based on the quantitative analysis of policy content, we believe that China should optimize carbon emission reduction policy instruments from the following three aspects in achieving the carbon peaking target: (1) Appropriately increase the applied proportion of policy instruments applied in industry, building, and transportation department while maintaining the cohesion of energy supply and consumption policies. (2) Improve the accuracy and restraint of supply-oriented and environmental policy instruments to control existing emissions in the energy and industrial department. Improve the standards of regulation and access approaches in the building and transportation department in order to control the emissions incremental. (3) Accelerate the improvement of environmental and demand-oriented carbon emission reduction policy instruments in the building and transportation departments.