As a benchmark technology in the field of artificial intelligence, facial recognition technology has many advantages, including naturalness, non-contact, imperceptibility, and concurrency. Nowadays, facial recognition technology is widely used in the public and commercial fields. But at the same time, the risks caused by the technical defects, improper information processing make facial information seriously threatened. Facial information is biometric information and personal sensitive information. In the era of big data, the "informed consent principle", which is the important legal basis for personal information processing, faces practical difficulties in the protection of facial information. Therefore, China needs to regulate the application of facial recognition technology. Specifically, there are three ways to build risk management system of facial recognition technology of China, namely, legal level (risk governance at the source), technical standards (fill-in risk governance), and regulatory sandbox (adaptive risk governance), which help to balance the innovative application of facial recognition technology with the legitimate rights and interests of information subjects, thereby creating responsible facial recognition technology.

With the development of science and technology, technical artifacts tend to be intelligent. As a kind of technical artifact, intelligent wearable installation is mainly a functional installation to solve the problems of human production and living. Modern science should not only care about how to provide technical applications for intelligent wearable installations, but also think about how to design moral values and ethical responsibilities into intelligent wearable installations, which cannot be ignored in the technology governance of intelligent objects. Firstly, in this paper, two leftovers of intelligent wearable installations are obtained through the method of technology phenomenological reduction, one is the material structure, the other is the function - intention. The material structure of intelligent wearable installations is a technical artifact that can realize human-computer interaction by adding electronic components and sensors to the original material and connecting with the computer through the network. The function – intention of the intelligent wearable installations is to liberate the productive forces and to improve the production efficiency for the purpose, to make up for physical defects and enhance physical function, in order to obtain a comfort for human beings. Secondly, this paper traces the value and responsibility of intelligent wearable installations. The results show that: (1) The function and ethical value of intelligent wearable installations are unbalanced. The main purpose of design value is function, while the intentionality of intelligent wearable installations is ignored. (2) Different groups have different standards and cognitive systems for evaluating the design value and responsibility of intelligent wearable installations. Technically-oriented engineers believe that ethical issues are dreamed up by ethicists and they will not occur according to the development trend of intelligent wearable installations. However, ethicists think that it is too simple to discuss and solve the ethical problems of technology at the practical level. In complex ethical issues, no individual or group can know the consequences of an action through presupposition. Design ethicists can understand the complexity of the ethics of intelligent wearable installations. While engineers think technology is the first condition of intelligent wearable installations, ethical issues involved in will increase the technical challenges, the complexity of ethical issues and technology development cannot be solved at the same time of intelligent wearable installations. Thirdly, this paper analyzes the value and scope of liability of intelligent wearable installations, mainly include: (1) The technical design value of intelligent wearable installations, the technical design is the basis and premise to cognize, create and realize its technical value, which includes the attention and cognition of the value of intelligent wearable installations and has the ability to transform it into realistic value. (2) The main value of moral and ethical. In a narrow sense, design surpasses the practical value and aesthetic value and has higher theoretical value on the moral level. The purpose of design is to serve for the survival and life of human beings, to achieve happiness. (3) The responsibilities and obligations of intelligent wearable installations are to exert functions and achieve the intentionality endowed by human beings. The essence is to safely and effectively help human beings extend their physical functions and make human beings get happiness in spirit under the premise of not violating moral ethics and legal compliance. Finally, this paper summarizes the four main responsibility subjects, including designers and engineers, intelligent wearable installations, users and government regulators, forming a closed loop of responsibility.

The trade war triggered by the United States has brought great uncertainty to the trading environment on Chinese enterprises. Based on the text mining method and difference in difference(DID) model, this paper distinguished the enterprises' perception of uncertainty and investigated the impact on enterprises' R&D investment by Sino-US trade war. The empirical results show that: firms affected by Sino-US trade frictions significantly increase R&D investment, and the robustness tests show that this promoting effect is robust. Further research shows that the impact of Sino-US trade friction on R&D investment has strong heterogeneity: the promotion effect is more obvious in state-owned enterprises and low financing constraints enterprises.

In the context of Internet content entrepreneurship represented by network broadcast and knowledge payment, community interaction, as the main form of consumer-industry interaction, shows the characteristics of networking, knowledge and online in terms of interactive structure, interactive content and interactive place. Interactive network based on the theory of social network will be divided into weak community interaction scope and depth of the relationship between connected "denotative interaction" and the strong relationship between condensation "interactive" teaching, and introduce "distance of knowledge" depicting community middle eliminate the difference of interaction between subject knowledge base, build the heterogeneity, knowledge distance, community interaction effects on content entrepreneurship performance analysis framework. Furthermore, this paper takes Zhihu platform, an online knowledge community, as the sample source, uses web crawlers to capture the data of "entrepreneurial income" and "community interaction" of content entrepreneurs (nearly one million magnitude) respectively, and establishes an econometric model to empirically test the theoretical hypothesis proposed. It is found that the "value co-creation" and "value co-destruction" effects of community interaction are intertwined: the two types of community interaction have opposite non-linear effects on content entrepreneurship performance and are moderated by knowledge distance between producers and consumers. Literature mostly focus on traditional off-line produce interactive linear influence on entrepreneurial performance, this paper first puts forward the content business community interaction performance of the nonlinear mechanism, and based on the Internet startup practice, reveals an interesting and profound stage community interaction strategy: startup stage should pay attention to "small but beautiful" community interaction, in order to "accommodationist" establish trust relationship; Community interaction in the mature stage of entrepreneurship should focus on "large and complete", and integrate multi-source information by "reserving differences". This study has enriched the boundary research of value co-creation theory and has important theoretical guidance and management enlightenment for content entrepreneurs to carry out community operation.

Interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team is the key carrier to promote academic entrepreneurship in universities, which plays an important role in realizing organizational innovation in universities, promoting regional economic development and enhancing national core competitiveness. However, the success rate of academic entrepreneurship in Chinese universities is not high, and it is easy to fall into the “valley of death” within 2-3 years. Scholars have two different views on the relationship between entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and performance from the perspective of enterprises based on upper echelons theory and social identity theory, this indicates that there may be differences in the relationship between different types of heterogeneity and performance of entrepreneurial teams. As the role identity of team members plays a key role in improving the performance of academic entrepreneurship, it is necessary to explore the inherent law among the heterogeneity of different types of entrepreneurial teams, role identity and academic entrepreneurial performance. This paper integrates the heterogeneity of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities into the analysis framework of the mechanism of academic entrepreneurial performance improvement, and tries to explore the mechanism and law of collaborative innovation of academic entrepreneurship from the perspective of role identity. By constructing the conceptual model of the relationship among interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team heterogeneity, role identity and academic entrepreneurial performance, combined with the survey samples of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities, this paper empirically tests the impact of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team heterogeneity on role identity and academic entrepreneurial performance, and the intermediary role of role identity in the relationship between interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance. Based on theoretical and empirical research, the results show that age heterogeneity and educational background heterogeneity of social heterogeneity and industrial experience heterogeneity of functional heterogeneity of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities have significant positive effects on academic entrepreneurial performance, the occupational experience heterogeneity of functional heterogeneity of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities has no significant negative effect on academic entrepreneurial performance. Academic identity of role identity plays a complete intermediary role between industrial experience heterogeneity of functional heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance, and academic identity plays partial intermediary roles among age heterogeneity, educational background heterogeneity of social heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance. Business identity of role identity plays a partial intermediary role between educational background heterogeneity of social heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance. The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows: firstly, most of the existing studies on entrepreneurial team heterogeneity emphasize the functional attribute of experience and ignore the role of the social attribute of identity, the study of this paper is a useful supplement. At the same time, it also provides a new theoretical explanation for the inconsistent research conclusions between entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and entrepreneurial performance, and further enriches and improves the upper echelons theory and social identity theory. Secondly, this paper goes beyond the existing research framework on the separation of team structure and role identity, and is an important supplement to entrepreneurial team theory and role identity theory. The practical enlightenment of this paper lies in: from the perspective of research samples, it is necessary not only to identify and select appropriate academic entrepreneurship partners, but also to pay attention to the role identity of team members in the process of promoting academic entrepreneurship in universities.

Rapid realization of key core technology breakthroughs is significant for my country to solve the "stuck neck" problem. Innovation remains at the heart of China’s modernization drive. It will strengthen our science and technology to provide strategic support for China’s development. Existing research on how to break through key core technologies only focuses on influencing factors, process, mechanism, mode, and path. There is an insufficient discussion on how latecomer companies can achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies in a short period. Taking HiSilicon as a research object, this paper uses the method of case study and deeply examines the mechanism of rapid breaking through key core technology for latecomer companies. The research results show that: First, introduce the concept of absorption speed, and the rapid realization of key core technology breakthroughs present a dynamic evolution process from improving the absorption speed of external knowledge from individuals, intra-organization, and inter-organization. Second, from the perspective of absorptive capacity and key core technology breakthroughs, our study examines the role and evolution characteristics of complementary assets linking capacity with the increase in the absorption speed. This paper distinguishes generic complementary assets, specialized complementary assets, and cospecialized complementary assets and discusses intra-complementary asset linking capacity, intercomplementary asset linking capacity, and core-complementary linking capacity in the dynamic evolution of absorption speed. It also reveals that core-complementary linking capacity can accelerate technological iteration and upgrades by coupling technology R&D and the internal market. Third, core-complementary linking capacity will increase the absorption speed and support the rapid achievement of key core technology breakthroughs of chip design companies. The study explores the theoretical connotation of absorptive capacity, complementary assets linking capacity, and rapid breakthroughs of key core technology. We provide theoretical and practical enlightenment for the rapid realization of key core technology breakthroughs of chip design enterprises.

In the complex and changeable era of digital economy, the importance of corporate technology for social good has attracted more and more attention by academia and practitioners. However, extant studies on the concept and dimensions of corporate technology for social good are still at the start stage, and there is a lack of a reliable measurement scale to measure corporate technology for social good. After reviewing prior studies on the concept of corporate technology for social good, this study proposes that corporate technology for social good is an action that corporates integrate the concept of maximizing user value and social welfare into the design and production of products/services, and responsibly use innovative technologies to improve people’s lives and promote social progress in response to the demands of related groups, so as to realize commercial value and social value. Moreover, this study adopts grounded theory and applies NVivo11 to code relevant original qualitative materials, which in order to clarify the main features of corporate technology for social good, explore the dimensions, and develop the measurement scale of corporate technology for social good. After open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, the results show that corporate technology for social good can be divided into three dimensions: the concept and culture of corporate for social good, the corporate practice for social good, the governance system for social good. The concept and culture of corporate for social good means that the concept of corporate technology for social good are integrated into corporate mission and vision, corporate culture, and corporate products/services. The corporate practice for social good means that corporates implement technology for social good through good product innovation, product bottom line, and problem solving. The governance system for social good means that internal and external governance mechanisms relate to corporate technology for social good. Based on 2-wave questionnaire survey, the study applies exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the developed scale of corporate technology for social good by us. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis show that these three dimensions can be accepted. Moreover, the results of composite reliability and average variance extracted confirm that the measurement scale of corporate technology for social good has satisfactory reliability and validity, which can reflect the concept and dimensions of corporate technology for social good thoroughly and make up the extant research insufficiency in a certain degree. Results of this study enrich the prior theoretical research of corporate technology for social good via constructing its structural dimensions, which can help to have a deep insight into the concept of corporate technology for social good. By developing the measurement scale of corporate technology for social good, this study can lay a tool foundation for the empirical research of corporate technology for social good. Moreover, the study can also provide reference to corporate practice. Firstly, using science and technology to solve social problems and creating sustainable social value should be integrated into the concept of corporate development. Secondly, corporates need to improve the internal governance mechanisms to ensure that the design and production concept of products/services serve to maximize user value and social welfare. What’s more, corporates also need to actively respond to the demands and regulations of the society and the government on “science and technology should benefit the society and the people”. Thirdly, corporates should actively participate in the action of corporate technology for social good, such as looking for areas and product positioning where corporate technology for social good can be done, solving the social problems brought by products/services, and turning these solutions into new business opportunities.

With the rapid development of China's digital economy, digital technology has become a new engine that promotes the transformation and upgrading of enterprises and achieves high-quality industrial development. In recent years, with the development of the digital age, research on corporate digital innovation has received extensive attention from academia from the theoretical and practical levels. Although existing studies have discussed the relationship between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation, they only stay at the level of theoretical analysis. Empirical research systematically exploring the influence path and important role between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation is relatively scarce. Moreover, existing research has not incorporated strategic flexibility factors and environmental complexity factors into the analysis framework of the relationship between digital innovation and corporate intelligent transformation. Given the gaps in existing research and the phenomenon of digital innovation, we are going to investigate the relationship between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation based on the triple perspectives of information resource acquisition, organizational management changes, and flexible production methods. On this basis, we introduce strategic flexibility variables, explore the influence mechanisms of resource flexibility and coordination flexibility on the intelligent transformation of enterprises, and provide a reference for intelligent transformation and upgrading. Secondly, we examine the moderating role of environmental complexity and enrich theoretical research on digital innovation and digital management reform. Based on datasets of China's new energy vehicle enterprises from 2011 to 2019, this study adopts machine learning method to verify our hypothesis. The empirical results show that: First, digital innovation has a positive and significant promotion effect on the intelligent transformation of enterprises, and the results are robust after using the two-stage model estimation of instrumental variables, substitution of core variables, consideration of missing variables, and reduction of corporate samples. Second, strategic flexibility has an intermediary effect between digital innovation and enterprise intelligent transformation. Specifically, digital innovation can not only strengthen resource flexibility, integrate and restructure existing resources and external resources, but also promote coordination flexibility and rational use and allocation of innovative resources to assist enterprise intelligent transformation and upgrading. Finally, environmental complexity not only positively regulates the role of digital innovation in promoting resource flexibility and coordination flexibility, but also promotes the positive effect of digital innovation on the intelligent transformation of enterprises. For practical implications, we suggest that enterprises need to accelerate the development of digital innovation models, give play to the comparative advantages of the new generation of digital technology, and achieve the goals of maximizing the value of intelligent transformation. In addition, the in-depth promotion of industrial digitization and digital industrialization requires not only to strengthen resource integration and data open sharing within the industry, but also to enhance the wide-area application and deep integration of cross-industry digitization. Furthermore, it is important to create a good digital infrastructure environment, realize digital participation in politics between different departments, and promote the intelligent transformation process between different industries and different enterprises.

The spatial development model with central cities and urban agglomerations as the main carriers is the key to promote coordinated regional development in our country. This paper starts from the perspective of city innovation, based on the method of difference in difference, and takes 210 cities of 19 urban agglomerations as the research object, empirically analyzes the effect of the construction of national central cities on the innovation ability of urban agglomerations, and uses intermediary methods to explore its mechanisms. The research results show that the construction of national central cities is conducive to the improvement of the innovation ability of urban agglomerations. And the results still remain robust by using different levels of data such as enterprises, industries, cities and different testing methods. The heterogeneity results show that the construction of national central cities has a higher effect on the innovation ability of urban agglomerations in eastern areas than in central and western regions; the larger the scale of national central cities expands, the more obvious the effect on improving the innovation ability of urban agglomerations is; the construction of national central cities has more effects on the innovation ability of technology-intensive industries than that of non-technology-intensive industries. The influence mechanisms indicate that the construction of national central cities affects the innovation ability of urban agglomerations by promoting the division of functions of urban agglomerations, knowledge spillover, market accessibility, and financial agglomeration. Further research shows that spatial distance is an important factor that affects the improvement of the innovation ability of urban agglomerations by the construction of national central cities. The effect of the construction of national central cities on the innovation ability of urban agglomerations has an inverted U-shaped relationship with spatial distance. At the same time, the effect of the construction of national central cities on the innovation ability of urban agglomerations depends on the development quality of the national central cities in the urban agglomerations, rather than the number of them. Therefore, we must adhere to the national center as the core to promote the rational division of labor in urban agglomerations, actively enhance the comprehensive strength of national central cities, balance the radiation effect and siphon effect of national central cities, and rationally plan the spatial layout of national central cities.

More and more incumbents are innovating their business models based on their own resources and capabilities as well as external opportunities, constantly generating new business models and achieving disruptive growth. Based on this, the concept of business model derivative innovation is proposed on the basis of business model innovation. Taking the market and technology as the driving factors of business model innovation, combined with the innovative methods of exploration and exploitation, four types of business model derivative types and specific derivative mechanisms are identified. The research shows that different derivative types have different performances in value proposition, value creation and value acquisition, and the derived business models show different relationship attributes in space, time sequence and degree of innovation. The discuss of the specific derivation mechanism, identification of types and different relationships of business model derivative innovation will echo the relevant theories of business model innovation and business model portfolio, meanwhile, will provide valuable insights and guidance for the enterprises to carry out business model innovation and the investment and governance of different business models.

Based on institutional theory，this paper theoretically discusses and empirically examines the functional mechanisms of firm institutional capital on radical innovation, their potential heterogeneities, and their contingencies upon external environment as well. The empirical results of the survey data from 165 paired firm samples and 5 firm cases in China show that: First, Financial aid has a higher positive effect on radical innovation than the policy support does; business tie has a higher positive effect on radical innovation than the political tie does. Second, institutional efficiency negatively moderates the relationship between policy support political tie and radical innovation, but positively moderates the relationship between business tie and radical innovation. This research provides some theoretical implications for firm’s radical innovation and their institutional capital utilization.

Science and technology are reciprocal and synergistically developing. Previous researches have explored the interaction mode and relationship between science and technology mainly from the perspective of domain development, but rarely from the perspective of specific innovation subjects. As papers and patents are typical representations of science and technology, taking innovation-oriented enterprises in genetic engineering field as an example, this paper constructs a science-technology network with papers and patents as nodes. Adapting the knowledge network analysis method, we combine the semantic features of nodes with the structure features of the network to reveal the linkages between science and technology in innovation-oriented enterprises. The results show that: (1) Science to technology conversion is higher in more innovative enterprises, but excessive size of science and technology leads to lower conversion rates; (2) Science and technology linkage within innovative enterprises are more advantageous compared to that across enterprises, as it allows for a more rapid flow of knowledge from science to technology, and more innovative firms are able to make linkages across a wider range of science and technology fields; (3) Domain diversity of science and technology linkages in innovative firms is associated with domain balance and the heterogeneous capability of enterprises, whereas domain balance is associated with only domain diversity. This study can provide management insights for innovative firms to conduct basic research and promote science and technological innovation.

In recent years, focusing on China’s IC industry policy, the academic community has launched a series of explorations. Most of the existing studies focus on the effect of the selected policy, and there is a lack of research on the process of IC industry policy change from the prospective of history. To better understand the policy change process of China’s integrated circuit industry, we selected 93 policies issued by China’s central authorities from 2001 to 2020 as the main research object. Based on content analysis and policy documents quantitative research methods, we summarize the change process and evolution characteristics of IC industrial policy from the perspectives of policy quantity, policy makers and policy focus at different development stages. The outcome shows that the number of policy documents issued in a single year has increased explosively with the promulgation of Programmatic Policies since China issued the first policy text for the IC industry in 2000. Since entering the 12th five-year plan, policymakers has become more diverse, intergovernmental cooperation has become more frequent, the central government has paid more attention to the IC industry, and the utilization efficiency of government resources has been improved. According to the five-year plan and the distribution of policy focus, we divided the policy stages into four periods: the chase period of advanced technology, the cultivation period of innovation ability, the attention period of industrial law and the improvement period of development quality. The change process of policy focus shows that in the early stage, the government paid more attention to build the whole domestic IC industry chain and optimize the layout. While in the medium term, the policy turned to focus on the promotion of industrial value chain to middle and high-end, and also concerned about the systematic improvement of industrial innovation chain. and in recent years, the policy makers give attention to the two-way integrated development of the industrial chain and innovation chain. The whole evolution process is reflected in the change of government governance concept. With the continuous deepening of the policymakers' understanding of the characteristics and development law of the integrated circuit industry, the existing policy system is also constantly adjusted and supplemented. Based on the composition of the existing policy system and the reality of IC industrial development in China, the policy makers should pay more attention to build a better domestic industrial innovation ecosystem in the future, and explore a policy system more in line with the law of IC industry.

The “Dual-Carbon” target injects green genes in high-quality development in China new era, the key is how to reduce CO2 emission scientifically. Based on theoretical model, the paper explains the original evolution relationship between economic growth and CO2 emission, and deduces the dual influence mechanism of CO2 emission reduction on innovation driving economic growth with "Porter Hypothesis". Empirical research reveals that: with the economic output expansion, the economic contribution of unit CO2 emission has increased, and when the industrial structure in low level, it needs certain CO2 emission tolerance to drive upgrading. Meanwhile, the regulation effect of CO2 emission intensity on innovation driving economic growth has complex nonlinear evolution law. Moderate CO2 emission reduction constraints could pry the optimist extension driving force of technological innovation, and there is marginal decreasing effect with CO2 emission intensity on innovation driving industrial structure. In addition, the threshold adjustment effect of CO2 emission intensity has certain temporal and spatial heterogeneity, the threshold with the highest innovation driving force shows homeopathic transmission trend of high in the East and low in the West in economic output dimensions, and low intensity CO2 emission constraints are generally more conducive to innovation driving and industrial upgrading. Thusly, "Dual-Carbon" promotion should be judged scientifically and step by step, seek the implementation strategy of multi-dimensional balance and dynamic optimization between CO2 reduction squeeze, economic growth and innovation drive.

Carbon dioxide emissions have significant externalities, while formulation and implementation of climate policies from the government may contribute to the elimination for that. China has made it clear to use the “1 + N” policy system to realize its carbon peak and carbon neutralization visions, but there is still a lack of executable and restrictive policy instruments. Applying the quantitative analysis of policy content, this paper makes a two-dimensional analysis of China's carbon emission mitigation policy from main emission fields of energy, industry, construction, and transportation according to the classification of supply-oriented, environmental, and demand-oriented policy instruments. Results show that China's energy and industrial department mainly implements carbon emission reduction policies with environmental policy instruments, while policies in the building department highly rely on demand-oriented policy instruments, and policies in the transportation department pay equal attention to supply-oriented and environmental policy instruments. Specifically, the energy department mainly establishment policy conducive environment to carbon emission reduction by industrial layout, target setting, and regulatory rules, while the industrial department mainly by financial support, regulatory rules, and tax incentives. Carbon emission reduction policies in the building department highly rely on demand-based policy instruments, and the subcategories of policy instruments for technology promotion, pilot demonstrations, and major projects account for more than half of the total number of policy instruments. Science and technology investment and incentive mechanisms are the main supply-oriented policy instruments of the transportation department, and structural adjustment, financial support, and regulation rules are the main environmental policy instruments. The following problems were identified: (1) China’s carbon emission reduction policies are obviously tilted towards the energy sector, while the existing policies lack attention on the electrification level improvement of industry, building, and transportation department, and the power consumption capacity of renewable energy. (2) Unbalanced combination of policy instruments was observed in several departments. For instance, the application of regulatory approaches in the building department is insufficient. Supply-oriented policy in the transportation department is significantly more than the demand-based policy, and may no longer be able to meet the current market-driven policy demands. (3) Some frequently applied policy sub-categories, such as the technical input of supply-oriented policy instruments and the financial support of environmental policy instruments, were lack of coercive force or the policy expression is not clear, which might lead to uncertainties in implementation effects. Based on the quantitative analysis of policy content, we believe that China should optimize carbon emission reduction policy instruments from the following three aspects in achieving the carbon peaking target: (1) Appropriately increase the applied proportion of policy instruments applied in industry, building, and transportation department while maintaining the cohesion of energy supply and consumption policies. (2) Improve the accuracy and restraint of supply-oriented and environmental policy instruments to control existing emissions in the energy and industrial department. Improve the standards of regulation and access approaches in the building and transportation department in order to control the emissions incremental. (3) Accelerate the improvement of environmental and demand-oriented carbon emission reduction policy instruments in the building and transportation departments.

This paper attempts to figure out the current structure of the U.S. basic research system and explore its main characteristics. The federal government has always been the largest investor in the U.S. basic research system, and the higher education is the major performer. The proportion of capital investment and implementation of the federal government in the basic research system is gradually decreasing, while business and non-profit organizations assume more and more important responsibilities in the basic research activities, and the proportion of capital investment and implementation in the basic research system keeps increasing. To some extent, it shows that the federal government has played a desirable role in guiding and leveraging basic research fundings in the basic research system. Federal agencies mainly provide funds for portfolios in various fields consistent with their missions, so as to reduce the overlap of funding fields and avoid unnecessary waste of resources. The federal government increasingly emphasizes accelerating the transformation from basic research to industrial practical application, and attracts all innovation sectors to jointly promote the research spectrum spanning from basic research to product commercialization. All sectors of the U.S. basic research system attach great importance to the integration of research and talent training, and take international talents as a valuable resource for the country. This paper systematically summarizes the basic stucture and main characteristics of the U.S. basic research system, which offers useful reference for China to further optimize and adjust the governance mechanism, the allocation mode of basic research fundings, and measures of transfer and transformation of the basic research achievements as well as talent training and attraction.

The national strategic system and national strategic capabilities are an organic whole. The integration of the strategic system is the process of integrating various interrelated national strategies to form an organic whole at the national level. The integration of strategic capabilities is the integration and efficiency of various interrelated economic and defense forces to form a comprehensive capability. To build an integrated national strategic system and capabilities is to organically unify national strategies to form a national strategic system with clear levels, optimized structure, coordinated promotion, and coordinated resonance. The military and civilian forces and resources are integrated into a national capability that integrates the military and civilians and enhances overall efficiency. Insufficient economic and national defense imbalance is an important aspect of the integrated national strategic system and capability contradiction. Regional (horizontal) and field (vertical) spatial and functional structures should be built to carry it, as well as the corresponding organizational structure to form a high-quality industry. system, high-level open system, high-standard ecological system, and high-efficiency governance system, and gradually realize the overall target form.