Abstract: With economic growth and industrial upgrading, scientific and technological innovation is a key driving force in addressing global challenges and enhancing international competitiveness. Technology leading enterprises promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity, and have become the main force to realize technological breakthroughs and help innovation-driven development. It is not only important to focus on the direct path of enterprises' breakthroughs in key core technologies, but it is even more important to clarify the process of building enterprise innovation ecosystems behind the technological breakthroughs. And the enabling role of the national innovation system in this process needs to be explored. This study is a longitudinal single-case study of a Chinese medical device company, Myriad Medical, and collects primary and secondary data from over 30 years since its establishment. Based on the theories of ecosystem evolution and dynamic capability theory, this study constructs an evolutionary path of corporate innovation ecosystems and explores the evolution and interaction between the national innovation system and corporate innovation ecosystems at different stages. The study will integrate the existing innovation ecosystem related theories and explore the evolution of the innovation ecosystem in the key core technology breakthrough of the leading science and technology enterprises according to the analytical framework of "resource allocation situation - innovation body structure - value proposition change", which enriches the research on innovation ecosystem theory. It enriches the theoretical research on innovation ecosystem. At the same time, it clarifies the enabling role of the national innovation system from the dynamic capability dimension of "identification-integration-reconstruction" of enterprises. In the process of technological breakthroughs, the innovation ecosystem of enterprises has undergone an evolution path of "demand-driven independent production model - open innovation network for technological breakthroughs - multi-agent innovation network for brand building - collaborative innovation ecology with new quality agents for sustainable development". The state enhances the improvement of the enterprise innovation ecosystem through a top-down path of "traction - driving - empowerment - co-creation", while enterprises respond to the national innovation system from the bottom up with a logical process of "identification - integration - reconstruction". The key to this coupling lies in the "people-centered" approach. The study recommends, first, that policy making should increase support for science and technology leading enterprises. The government should support the development of science and technology leading enterprises through policy guidance and resource allocation, enhance their technological innovation and market guidance capabilities, and promote synergistic cooperation among multiple actors. Second, in the construction of the national innovation system, it is necessary to play the role of top-down leadership and emphasize the bottom-up innovation drive of leading enterprises, so as to form a top-down interactive innovation ecology. Third, the national innovation strategy and the innovation activities of enterprises should always pay attention to the needs of the people, focusing on improving the quality of products and services to meet the needs of social development and people's lives. Fourth, while realizing the transformation of technological achievements, leading science and technology enterprises should pay more attention to the construction of a data-driven innovation ecology, so as to enhance the sustainable development capability of the enterprises themselves and the industry.