Abstract: Against the background of the scientific research reproducibility crisis, preprint culture, as an emerging paradigm of scholarly communication, is rapidly spreading in the field of scientific research and exerting far-reaching influence. Using structural equation modeling, we conducted an emprical analysis on the questionnaire data of 761 researchers to investigate the mechanism of preprint culture in alleviating the crisis of scientific research reproducibility. The study found that a higher level of preprint culture promotes the enhancement of research reproducibility and helps to correct the potential bias of research; openness and social capital in scientific research play a mediating role between preprint culture and research reproducibility, i.e., the open scientific practice and the construction of academic networks play a key role; the culture of disciplines positively moderates the relationship between preprint culture and research reproducibility, and scientificity and rigor of academic research are affected by the culture of different disciplines. The conclusions of this study are of great significance for academia to rethink the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge in the digital era, and to promote the construction of an open and transparent scientific research evaluation system. In contrast to other studies, our paper primarily presents three theoretical contributions: (1) By integrating the culture of preprints into the framework of research reproducibility, it enriches the theoretical perspective of research reproducibility. Conventional research reproducibility studies predominantly focus on statistical methods and research designs. However, this study investigates the influence of emerging academic communication modalities on research reproducibility, furnishing empirical support and disclosing the specific mechanisms through which the preprint culture enhances research reproducibility by elevating the levels of research openness and research social capital. (2) By combining the culture of preprints with the theories of research reproducibility, open science, and social capital, it expands the theoretical depth and breadth of preprint culture research. Existing studies typically concentrate on the impact of preprints on the efficiency and efficacy of scientific dissemination. Nevertheless, this study systematically explores the role of the preprint culture in enhancing the quality of research. Through constructing and validating a theoretical model of the impact of the preprint culture on research reproducibility, this study offers theoretical support for future policy design. (3) By integrating the theoretical viewpoints of open science and research social capital, it achieves an innovative integration of theories in scientific management. It not only verifies the practical significance of the open science concept and initiatives in enhancing research reproducibility but also extends the theory of knowledge networks and applies it to the studies of preprints and research reproducibility. This theoretical integration provides a more comprehensive perspective for comprehending the production of knowledge and quality control in the modern scientific ecosystem.In addition to the theoretical contributions mentioned above, this paper also provides practical implications, including strengthening the construction and management of preprint platforms, reforming scientific research culture and systems, and implementing discipline-specific strategies.