Abstract: At this stage, China's socialist modernization has entered a new journey of high-quality development, achieved high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and built a strong country in science and technology has put forward urgent needs and higher requirements for basic research. Under the new situation, how to give full play to the role of the national strategic scientific and technological strength, more effectively organize and promote the systematic basic research of strategic orientation, solve the major scientific problems of the national strategic demand, consolidate the foundation of scientific and technological self-reliance and lead the economic and social development is a major scientific and technological management problem that needs to be solved urgently. This paper defines the concept of strategic basic research, namely "around the national strategic needs and the development direction of the world's scientific frontiers, organizing and continuously carrying out major goal-oriented basic research to solve major scientific problems in the country's economic and social development, promoting major originality in the scientific frontiers, strengthening scientific infrastructure and capacity building, and providing source support for cultivating and forming new quality productivity". And analyzes and refines the organizational structure of strategic basic research, which consists of organizational management system, planning system and project management system, and compares and analyzes the organizational system of strategic basic research science and technology plans(projects) in China from the aspects of strategic positioning and funding fields, selection and funding methods and funding intensity, organizational management and implementation methods. In view of the lack of top-level design and overall coordination, the lack of systematic layout of strategic-oriented basic research around the major needs of economic and social development and national security, the lack of project organization methods, the lack of directional and stable support and continuous funding, etc., this paper puts forward the overall ideas and countermeasures for improving the organizational system of strategic-oriented basic research in China. The general idea of optimizing China's strategic-oriented basic research organization system is: strengthening top-level design and overall coordination; Strengthen systematic layout and inter-departmental coordination; Adhere to the combination of directional stability support and competitive funding; Strengthen strategic guidance, dynamic monitoring and performance evaluation. And from defining strategic objectives, formulating strategic planning, strengthening overall coordination, strengthening strategic consultation and guidance, implementing the "four-in-one" systematic layout of projects, facilities, bases and talents around major plans and key areas, improving the concise organization mode of major scientific issues, strengthening the coordination of inter-departmental scientific and technological plans and project organization and implementation, effectively exerting the role of the national strategic basic research force, adopting the funding method of combining directional stable support with competitive funding, and strengthening the organization and implementation of scientific and technological plans and major projects.