Abstract: How to break through the bottleneck technology in the context of anti globalization has become a strategic issue for China's future development. After comparing the development differences between China's new energy vehicle industry and semiconductor industry, this article finds that the government's forward-looking industrial policies, market competition, and domestic super large market are important factors for China's new energy vehicle industry to "overtaking the curves", while the semiconductor industry does not have these conditions. Breaking through the bottleneck technology along the technology path dominated by developed countries in Europe and America poses difficulties such as technological monopoly and difficulty in catching up. In addition, the technology path dominated by developed countries in Europe and America has path dependence and supply chain stickiness, which provides an opportunity for China to achieve "overtaking the curves" in the bottleneck technology field. Whether to adopt a market driven model or a government led model for breaking through the bottleneck technology depends on the length of the industrial chain, the complexity of the technology (innovation uncertainty), as well as the public goods characteristics of the industry and market demand. Industries with relatively short industrial chains, relatively determined technological innovation paths, strong public goods characteristics, high fixed asset investment, or uncertain market demand are suitable for adopting a government led model. The spontaneous market model also requires industrial policies to support the "bottleneck" technological links from the perspective of the entire industry chain. The government led industrial development model should also focus on the interaction between the government and the market, and attach importance to the role of market mechanisms.