Abstract: Innovation concerns the future, and reform concerns the destiny of the nation. The patent system is the core of the system that supports comprehensive innovation. The patent system that supports comprehensive innovation is an adaptive adjustment based on the existing patent system, building a rule system that supports original innovation, adapting to the new national system and the current scientific and technological innovation paradigm, in order to achieve the strategic goal of national innovation-driven development. The patent system, through a series of institutional levers such as the right subject, the right object, the right relief, and patent disclosure, plays its three core functions of stimulating innovation, disseminating technical information, and promoting the integration of the innovation chain and the industrial chain, thereby achieving the institutional goal of supporting comprehensive innovation. The practical way to build a patent system that supports comprehensive innovation is to establish a comprehensive mechanism for the operation, decision-making and adjustment of the patent system: an open and transparent patent system operation mechanism should be established to monitor the efficiency of system operation and ensure the fairness and justice of system operation; a scientific and democratic patent system decision-making mechanism should be established to grasp the correct direction of system reform and win broad political recognition; a rule of law and agile patent system adjustment mechanism should be established to safeguard the bottom line of the rule of law and flexibly respond to threats and opportunities.