Abstract: Realizing the deep integration of the talent chain, innovation chain, and industry chain (referred to as "three-chain deep integration") is a prerequisite and inevitable path for the deep integration of the innovation chain, industry chain, capital chain, and talent chain. It is also an effective means to smooth the virtuous cycle of education, technology, and talent. At present, the degree of integration between the talent chain, innovation chain, and industry chain is insufficient, which cannot effectively play a supporting role in the "deep integration of innovation chain and industry chain". Exploring the theoretical logic, integration status, and improvement path behind the "three-chain deep integration" is of great significance for the construction of a modern industrial system and the development of new quality productivity. Firstly, this study focuses on the talent chain as a key variable and proposes the scientific connotation of the talent chain, which includes the dimensions of "classification + growth process". From the perspective of talent classification, the talent chain includes different types of talents such as basic scientific talents, skilled talents, management talents, entrepreneurial talents, compound talents, and leading talents. From the perspective of the talent growth process, the talent chain includes three chain structures: First, the education stage: the entire chain of talent cultivation that runs from basic education to higher education; Second, the social work stage: runs through the entire chain of talent identification, cultivation, introduction, utilization, guarantee, motivation, evaluation, and mobility; Third, career development stage: runs through the entire chain of basic skilled talents, advanced professional talents, and leading top talents. Secondly, this study clarifies the theoretical logic of "three-chain deep integration". To better achieve "deep integration of the three chains", special attention should be paid to: the talent chain matches specialized talents for the innovation chain and the industrial chain, the flow and optimization of talent elements in different chains, the promotion of talent growth by the innovation chain and the industrial chain, and the coordinated development of the talent chain, innovation chain, and the industrial chain with external chains. Then, this paper analyzes the existing issues in China's practical implementation of this integration, including insufficient policy coordination and collaboration, the integration of science, education, industry, and education is "not deep enough", the circulation of innovative elements in industry-university research and application being hindered, and the lack of sound talent evaluation and incentive mechanisms. Finally, this study proposes improvement paths and strategic recommendations for the "three-chain deep integration": (1) Strengthen the top-level planning and institutional innovation for promoting the integration of talent innovation and industry. (2) Establish a mechanism for condensing talent training objectives for the key needs of deep integration of the innovation chain and industrial chain. (3) Promote the cross-chain flow of scientific and technological talent resources, and form a new pattern of co-education, sharing, and sharing. (4) Build a talent evaluation system and dynamic monitoring platform that meets the requirements for the development of new quality productivity. (5) Create a healthy ecosystem conducive to the deep integration of talent chain, innovation chain, and industry chain.