Abstract: In the era of rapid global industrial transformation driven by the digital economy, there is an urgent need to cultivate spatial carriers that align with the development requirements of new quality productivity. This paper treats the gradual implementation of China's digital industry cluster pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) approach to empirically examine the impact of digital industry cluster development on enterprises' new-quality productivity, using data from A-share listed companies between 2011 and 2023. The study finds that: (1) the construction of digital industry clusters significantly enhances enterprises' new quality productivity; (2) mechanism analysis reveals three primary pathways through which digital industry clusters promote productivity improvements: by improving the efficiency of credit and labor allocation to optimize the factor chain, reducing customer and supplier concentration to restructure the supply chain, and fostering integrated innovation to upgrade the innovation chain; (3) heterogeneity analysis shows that the productivity-enhancing effect is more pronounced for enterprises located in the eastern region, those in intellectual property-intensive industries, strategic emerging industries, state-owned enterprises, and smaller-scale enterprises; (4) analysis of spillover effects indicates that the digital industry cluster policy also boosts the new-quality productivity of enterprises in neighboring districts and counties. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to promote the development of new quality productivity through the lens of digital industry cluster construction.