Abstract: The development of science and technology and the increasing competition in society have led human beings to seek the enhancement of their capabilities at various levels, including the biomedical enhancement of the subject's moral and emotional well-being. The generalization of biomedical technologies makes the definition of treatment and enhancement increasingly difficult. As a fundamental issue of human enhancement, the distinction between treatment and enhancement and its implications are decisive for assessing the ethical risks of a given technology and delimiting the ethical boundaries of public health policy. Nevertheless, in the case of moral enhancement, the specificity of the purpose and mechanism of enhancement, as well as the non-positional goods, double-edged sword, and utilitarian attributes of "morality" itself, make it impossible to use the traditional distinction between treatment and enhancement as a basis for assessing the ethical issues of the technology or for screening its feasibility and technological desirability.