科研经费分配的公平性评价及影响因素研究

科学学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 1507-1515.

科研经费分配的公平性评价及影响因素研究

张娟娟¹,李路路²,³,石长慧¹

1. 中国科学技术发展战略研究院
2. 中国人民大学
3.

收稿日期:2024-06-24 修回日期:2024-08-02 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-15
通讯作者: 张娟娟

Study on the Evaluation of Fairness in the Allocation of Fiscal Scientific Research Funds and the Influencing Factors

Received:2024-06-24 Revised:2024-08-02 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科研经费公平合理分配，是激发科研人员积极性，提升科技资源利用效率及创新活力的重要支撑条件。与以往的科研资源不均等分配及效率评估研究不同，本文聚焦于主观层面科研人员的分配公平性评价。基于一项具有代表性的全国抽样调查数据，并结合个体层面的资源获得与相对剥夺、制度层面的政策获益、职业层面的情境归因等理论视角，分析了影响科研人员经费分配公平感的因素。研究发现，超七成科研人员认为目前我国财政性科研经费的分配过程和分配结果公平。对科研资源分配公平性持有较低评价的并非处于资源获得弱势地位的人群，如女性、低职称的科研人员，而是男性、高级职称的科研人员，以及处于职称评审压力较大阶段的科研人员；单位政策落实获益性高的科研人员有明显更高的公平感，且这一指标的影响效应具有最高的解释贡献度。今后在促进科研经费更加公平、合理、高效配置的进程中，要更加注重政策与制度的贯彻落实，提升科研人员的参与感与获得感，同时加大对于经费较少人群、职称评审压力较大人群的支持与关怀。

Abstract: The fair and reasonable distribution of scientific research funds is an important support condition for stimulating the enthusiasm of researchers, improving the efficiency of scientific and technological resource utilization, and enhancing innovation vitality. Unlike previous studies on the unequal distribution and efficiency evaluation of scientific research resources, this paper focuses on the subjective evaluation of the fairness of the distribution from the perspective of researchers. Based on a representative national sampling survey data, combined with theoretical perspectives such as individual-level resource acquisition and relative deprivation, institutional-level policy benefits, and occupational-level situational attribution, this study analyzes the factors affecting the sense of fairness in the distribution of research funds among researchers. The study finds that more than 70% of researchers believe that the current distribution process and results of fiscal scientific research funds in our country are fair. Those who hold a lower evaluation of the fairness of scientific research resource distribution are not the groups in a disadvantaged position in terms of resource acquisition, such as women, young people, and researchers with lower titles, but rather male researchers, those with senior titles, and those in the stage of greater pressure for title evaluation; researchers with high policy implementation benefits have a significantly higher sense of fairness, and the impact of this indicator has the highest explanatory contribution. In the future, in the process of promoting a more fair, reasonable, and efficient allocation of research funds, it is necessary to pay more attention to the implementation of policies and systems, enhance the sense of participation and acquisition of researchers, and at the same time increase support and care for groups with less funding and those under greater pressure for title evaluation.

Key words: Fiscal Scientific Research Funds, Process of Distribution, Results of Distribution, Fairness

张娟娟李路路石长慧. 科研经费分配的公平性评价及影响因素研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2025, 43(7): 1507-1515.

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