Abstract: Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) from 2011 to 2021, this paper conducts a research on the relevant policies of national big data comprehensive pilot zones. Two batches of policy time points in 2015 and 2016 are selected, and a multi-period DID model is established to explore the impact of the establishment of national big data pilot zones on regional science & technology innovation capacity and the effect of the implementation of different pilot policies. (1) The benchmark regression shows that: the establishment of national big data comprehensive pilot zones can significantly enhance regional science & technology innovation capacity, and the conclusion still holds after the placebo test, lag one period and excluding first-tier cities of the robustness test. (2) Regional heterogeneity analysis results show that: the different pilots of the establishment of the comprehensive pilot zone of big data have different driving effects on the surrounding regional science & technology innovation capacity, while the eight pilots of the policy, only the Pearl River Delta, Shanghai, Chongqing comprehensive pilot zone of big data pilot regional science & technology innovation to drive the effect is not significant, with the help of theoretical analysis to explore the reasons and give the corresponding recommendations, in order to comprehensively implement the national big data strategy and the regional synergistic development strategy.