Abstract: Industrial intelligence provides a feasible path for enterprises to develop new quality productivity and achieve high-quality development. By incorporating carbon emissions as an input factor into the production function of enterprises and using data from listed manufacturing companies, this study examines how the application of industrial robots affects corporate carbon productivity. Research has found that: (1) the application of industrial robots significantly improves the carbon productivity of manufacturing enterprises, and this conclusion still holds true after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity treatments. (2) The mechanism of action indicates that the application of industrial robots not only promotes the improvement of enterprise carbon productivity through the resource efficiency mechanism of improving labor productivity, capital utilization efficiency, and energy utilization efficiency, but also enhances enterprise carbon productivity through knowledge enrichment and strengthening enterprise adaptability. (3) In larger enterprises with lower financing constraints, enterprises with high internal control and no green mergers and acquisitions, and enterprises with higher industry competition and lower monopoly power, industrial robots are more likely to promote the improvement of carbon productivity. To this end, enterprises should be encouraged to prioritize the research and development of advanced industrial robots; promote their transformation into learning organizations, and strengthen their agility management; facilitate the construction of the carbon market, further expand its coverage, and improve the trading system.