脑机接口伦理研究:学科交叉、风险演化

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着脑机接口技术取得突破性进展、产业扩张不断加速,其引发的伦理问题日益受到学界关注。基于科学计量学方法,结合学科交叉与风险演化的动态分析视角,梳理分析国际脑机接口伦理研究的概况、知识基础及热点,发现:(1)脑机接口伦理研究的发文量呈三阶段演进特征,其波动与技术发展周期、社会事件及政策导向深度关联,2024年为爆发性窗口期。(2)生命伦理学、认知神经科学及机器伦理学从价值规范、技术路径与人机协同规范等维度构成模块化跨学科引文网络,支撑多维理论框架。(3)研究热点在主体、技术与社会场域形成聚类,凸显风险演化动态特征。(4)随着脑机融合的深化,融合主体的神经权利及社会接纳问题亟待重视。基于现状研判,后续研究应着力于跨学科的实证协作、驱动产业优化升级、推动去中心化的网络治理,以助力全球脑机接口伦理研究的完善与发展。

关键词: 脑机接口, 科技伦理, 学科交叉, 风险演化, 科学计量

Abstract:

With breakthrough advances and accelerated industrial expansion in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, its ethical implications have increasingly garnered academic attention. Based on scientometrics and combined with interdisciplinary and risk-evolution analytical perspectives, this study examines the landscape, knowledge base, and research hotspots in international research on the ethics of brain-computer interface: (1) Publications in research on the ethics of brain-computer interface demonstrate a three-stage evolutionary trajectory, with fluctuations closely linked to technological cycles, social events, and policy shifts, culminating in 2024 as a window of explosive growth. (2) Bioethics, cognitive neuroscience, and machine ethics form a modular interdisciplinary citation network spanning normative values, technical pathways, and human-machine collaboration frameworks, thereby supporting a multidimensional theoretical foundation. (3) Research hotspots have formed clusters in the domains of subjectivity, technology, and society, highlighting the dynamic characteristics of risk evolution. (4) With the deepening of brain-computer integration, issues concerning the neural rights of integrated subjects and social acceptance urgently require attention. Based on the assessment of the current situation, future research should focus on fostering interdisciplinary empirical collaboration, driving industrial optimization and upgrading, and promoting decentralized network governance, so as to contribute to the improvement and development of global research on the ethics of brain-computer interface.

Key words: brain-computer interface, technology ethics, interdisciplinarity, risk evolution, scientometrics

中图分类号:

王高峰, 姚明月, 甘烨彤. 脑机接口伦理研究:学科交叉、风险演化[J]. 科学学研究, 2026, 44(6): 1320-1330.

WANG Gao-feng, YAO Ming-yue, GAN Ye-tong. Ethical research on brain-computer interface: Interdisciplinarity and risk evolution[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026, 44(6): 1320-1330.

图/表 6

图1 国际脑机接口伦理研究文献年度发文量、累积发文量及普赖斯曲线

Figure 1 Annual and cumulative publication volumes and price curve of international literature on the ethics of brain-computer interface

图2 脑机接口伦理研究基础和热点的桑基图

Figure 2 Sankey diagram of ethical research foundations and hotspots in brain-computer interface

表1 脑机接口伦理研究的引文聚类

图3 脑机接口伦理研究的文献共被引图谱

Figure 3 Literature co-citation graph of ethical research on brain-computer interface

图4 脑机接口伦理研究主题分布与演化

Figure 4 Thematic distribution and evolution in ethical studies on brain-computer interface

图5 脑机接口伦理研究框架及研究模式

Figure 5 Framework and paradigm of ethical research on brain-computer interface

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