Abstract: Pillar industries are the main battleground for developing new productive forces. Against the backdrop of the global industrial pattern reconstruction and the in-depth integration and accelerated evolution of a new round of scientific and technological revolutions, systematically understanding and accelerating the cultivation of new pillar industries to create a new strategic engine for the development of new productive forces has become a significant theoretical and policy issue for advancing new-type industrialization and achieving high-quality development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. Based on a systematic deconstruction of the evolution of pillar industry policies and academic research paradigms, this paper defines the connotation and prominent characteristics of new pillar industries, constructs a theoretical framework for the development of new pillar industries, and further proposes a "Strategy-Stage-Capability-Policy" (SSC-P) mechanism for the cultivation and development of new pillar industries. It also explores the strategic pathways for cultivating and building new pillar industries. The study provides an important theoretical basis and strategic decision-making support for exploring a Chinese-characteristic industrial policy theoretical system, building a new pillar industry system to support new-type industrialization, and accelerating innovation-led development of new productive forces.