要素集聚如何通过双元创新影响新质生产力?

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

创新要素集聚是整合科技创新资源的关键方式,是通过探索式创新和利用式创新催生新质生产力的重要途径。基于2014-2023年中国30个省份面板数据,从双元创新视角出发,围绕网络效应和规模效应两个维度,形成4条作用路径,系统探究了创新要素集聚赋能新质生产力的影响机制。研究发现:(1)创新要素集聚对新质生产力具有显著促进作用,其中创新技术和平台集聚的正向效应最为显著,而创新环境能够显著增强创新要素集聚对新质生产力的促进作用。(2)创新要素集聚通过双元创新机制影响新质生产力,探索式创新虽短期网络效应呈负向,但规模化后显著促进新质生产力,且可以转化为利用式创新形成持续驱动力;进一步从要素维度分析,仅创新技术与平台集聚通过双元创新的规模效应对新质生产力产生显著正向影响。(3)创新要素集聚的效果还表现出明显的区域异质性,即在市场化程度、数字经济和交通基础设施水平较高的地区,其对新质生产力的促进作用更为显著。研究结论为优化创新要素空间布局、提升区域创新效率、推动形成新质生产力提供了理论依据和政策启示。

关键词: 创新要素集聚, 新质生产力, 双元创新, 网络效应, 规模效应

Abstract:

Innovation factor agglomeration is a key way to integrate scientific and technological innovation resources, and an important way to promote new quality productive forcesthrough exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. At present, the development of new quality productive forcesin China is facing challenges such as insufficient driving force of scientific and technological innovation, limited breakthrough of key technologies, and difficulty in obtaining innovative resources in underdeveloped areas. The agglomeration of innovative factors promotes the development of new quality productive forcesby breaking the limitations of traditional innovation models. However, there is still insufficient research on the systematic mechanism of innovation factor agglomeration affecting new quality productive forces. In particular, the synergy of innovation factor agglomeration through dualinnovation is still in the "black box". How does innovation factor agglomeration affect new quality productive forces through dualinnovation mechanism? The existing research mainly discusses the agglomeration of innovation factors from the aspects of spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors and economic effects, but there are few explorations on the different paths that affect the new quality productive forces. Some scholars have made preliminary explorations on talent agglomeration, capital agglomeration and technology agglomeration as important research dimensions, but these studies focus more on the spatial distribution characteristics and agglomeration effect measurement of innovation elements.

From the perspective of dualinnovation, based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2014 to 2023, this paper systematically explores the influence mechanism of innovation factor agglomeration on new quality productive forcesaround the four action paths formed by the cross combination of two dimensions of network effect and scale effect and dualinnovation. The results show that the agglomeration of innovation factors has a significant role in promoting new quality productive forces, among which the positive effects of innovation technology and platform agglomeration are the most significant. As an important moderating variable, regional innovation environment significantly strengthens the positive impact of innovation factor agglomeration on new quality productive forces. The agglomeration of innovation elements affects new quality productive forcesthrough the dualinnovation mechanism. Although the short-term network effect of exploratory innovation is negative, it significantly promotes new quality productive forcesafter scale, and can be transformed into exploitative innovation to form a continuous driving force. Further analysis from the factor dimension shows that among the four elements of innovative talents, capital, technology and platform, only innovative technology agglomeration and platform agglomeration have a significant positive impact on new quality productive forcesthrough the scale effect of dualinnovation. The former enhances the technological breakthrough ability of innovation subjects by promoting technology spillover and knowledge diffusion, while the latter reduces innovation barriers and enlarges synergy effects as an important hub for the integration of innovative resources. Although talent agglomeration and capital agglomeration also show a positive relationship in some stages, their separate impact on new quality productive forcesis relatively limited, and they may need to be combined with technological innovation and platform construction to give full play to their effectiveness. This shows that in the current development stage, technological innovation and platform construction may be the core bridge connecting innovation elements and new quality productive forces. The heterogeneity test also finds that the effect of innovation factor agglomeration is more significant in regions with higher levels of marketization, digital economy and transportation infrastructure.

The marginal contribution of this paper is that, first, it reveals the mechanism of innovation factor agglomeration on new quality productive forcesfrom the perspective of dual innovation, and enriches the theoretical research on the formation mechanism of new quality productive forces. Secondly, the two dimensions of network effect and scale effect are combined with dualinnovation to form four action paths, and the system mechanism of factor agglomeration to empower new quality productive forcesis constructed. The third is to introduce adjustment effect and heterogeneity analysis to provide empirical basis for differentiated policies. The research conclusions provide theoretical basis and policy enlightenment for optimizing the spatial layout of innovation elements, improving regional innovation efficiency and promoting the formation of new quality productive forces.

Key words: innovation factor agglomeration, new quality productive forces, dual innovation, network effect, scale effect

中图分类号:

F124.3

赵成伟, 李文雅, 陈红其, 向仙虹, 王砚羽. 要素集聚如何通过双元创新影响新质生产力?[J]. 科学学研究, 2026, 44(6): 1178-1191.

ZHAO Cheng-wei, LI Wen-ya, CHEN Hong-qi, XIANG Xian-hong, WANG Yan-yu. How does factor agglomeration affect new quality productive forces through dualinnovation?[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026, 44(6): 1178-1191.

图/表 12

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	四级指标
新质生产力	科技生产力	创新生产力	高技术产业业务收入
		创新生产力	规上工业企业产业创新经费
		技术生产力	规上工业企业劳动生产率
		技术生产力	规上工业企业R&D人员全时当量
	绿色生产力	资源节约型生产力	能源消费量/国内生产总值
		资源节约型生产力	工业用水量/国内生产总值
		环境友好型生产力	工业固废物综合利用量/产生量
			工业废水排放/国内生产总值
			工业SO₂排放/国内生产总值
	数字生产力	数字产业生产力	集成电路产量
		数字产业生产力	电信业务总量
		产业数字生产力	互联网宽带接入端口数
			软件业务收入
			光缆线路长度/地区面积
			电子商务销售额

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	四级指标
新质生产力	科技生产力	创新生产力	高技术产业业务收入
		创新生产力	规上工业企业产业创新经费
		技术生产力	规上工业企业劳动生产率
		技术生产力	规上工业企业R&D人员全时当量
	绿色生产力	资源节约型生产力	能源消费量/国内生产总值
		资源节约型生产力	工业用水量/国内生产总值
		环境友好型生产力	工业固废物综合利用量/产生量
			工业废水排放/国内生产总值
			工业SO₂排放/国内生产总值
	数字生产力	数字产业生产力	集成电路产量
		数字产业生产力	电信业务总量
		产业数字生产力	互联网宽带接入端口数
			软件业务收入
			光缆线路长度/地区面积
			电子商务销售额

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
创新要素集聚	创新人才集聚	院士人数
		研发人员占就业人员比重
		每10万人高等学校学生数
	创新资本集聚	研发投入强度
		金融机构存贷款余额占GDP比重
		固定资产投资额占GDP比重
	创新技术集聚	科技论文数
		技术市场成交额
		新产品销售收入
	创新平台集聚	高新区数
		国家重点实验室数
		高技术产业企业数

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
创新要素集聚	创新人才集聚	院士人数
		研发人员占就业人员比重
		每10万人高等学校学生数
	创新资本集聚	研发投入强度
		金融机构存贷款余额占GDP比重
		固定资产投资额占GDP比重
	创新技术集聚	科技论文数
		技术市场成交额
		新产品销售收入
	创新平台集聚	高新区数
		国家重点实验室数
		高技术产业企业数

变量	观测数	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	25分位	中位数	75分位
新质生产力	300	0.207	0.184	0.028	0.877	0.083	0.154	0.206
创新要素集聚	300	0.126	0.107	0.003	0.484	0.049	0.094	0.164
创新人才集聚	300	0.145	0.114	0.008	0.823	0.078	0.119	0.183
创新资本集聚	300	0.074	0.127	0	0.919	0.013	0.028	0.072
创新技术集聚	300	0.157	0.162	0.002	0.749	0.046	0.104	0.208
创新平台集聚	300	0.130	0.128	0	0.633	0.039	0.081	0.192
税负水平	300	0.080	0.028	0.036	0.188	0.061	0.074	0.091
经济发展水平	300	67137	32970	25101	200278	44901	57391	76771
社会消费水平	300	0.390	0.0670	0.180	0.610	0.354	0.398	0.430
城镇化率	300	0.615	0.130	0	0.893	0.548	0.609	0.678
人口密度	300	475.5	714.7	7.972	3951	131.6	286.9	582.6