主配协同何以促进配套企业技术创新?

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中小配套企业在核心技术和关键部件的创新中发挥关键作用,对加强产业链供应链安全至关重要,然而其受制于资源和能力等的约束,单靠自身实力已无法满足技术创新的要求,主配协同则为配套企业技术创新突破提供了重要途径。本文以MOA理论为基础,从机会、动机和能力层面探讨主机企业参与的协同创新对配套企业技术创新绩效的影响。研究发现:主机企业参与的协同创新是配套企业提升技术创新绩效的有效途径;配套企业的创新精神是主配协同实现技术创新突破的关键内驱力;长期合作导向是主配协同实现技术创新突破的意愿基础;技术胜任力为主配协同实现技术创新突破提供了能力支持。本研究不仅丰富了技术创新与MOA理论的研究,而且对于主配协同促进配套企业技术创新具有现实指导意义。

关键词: 主配协同, 配套企业, 技术创新, MOA理论

Abstract:

Small and medium-sized supporting enterprises play a key role in the innovation of core technologies and key components, which is crucial to enhance industrial and supply chain security. However, Small and medium-sized supporting enterprises struggle with technological innovation because of the restriction of resources and capabilities. Thus, in this context, the collaboration between host manufacturers and supporting enterprises provides an important way for the technological innovation breakthrough of supporting enterprises. As suggested by some researchers, firms could generate innovation through organizational learning, resource acquisition, and social networks. While these research streams make important and unique contributions to the literature on firm innovation, the lack of attention devoted to the two-way flow of innovation resources represents a significant limitation in prior research. It is the goal of this paper to address this gap. Building on the motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) framework, the authors propose and test a series of hypotheses using a survey of 511 samples. The research results show that the collaborative innovation participated by host manufacturers is an effective way for supporting enterprises to improve their technological innovation performance. While the collaborative innovation participated by host manufacturers provides an opportunity for enhancing the supporting enterprises' technological innovation performance, the degree to which this opportunity is realized depends upon the supporting enterprises' innovativeness(motivation), long-term cooperation orientation, and technical competence (ability).

This study contributes to the literature in two ways. Firstly, from the perspective of two-way interaction, this paper reveals how the collaborative innovation participated by host manufacturers promotes technological innovation of supporting enterprises, which broadens the research horizon of technological innovation and also provides new insights and evidence for the research on technological innovation of supporting enterprises; Secondly, this paper introduces the MOA theory into the field of technological innovation, and finds that the supporting enterprises' innovativeness, long-term cooperation orientation and technical competence play an important moderating role, which enriches the research of MOA theory and expands the application scope of MOA theory in the field of technological innovation.

This study provides two implications for practice. First of all, facing the challenge of interruption on core technology and key components, host manufacturers should actively create opportunities for the collaboration between host manufacturers and supporting enterprises, such as sharing their demand information with supporting enterprises to accelerate the formation of collaborative relationships, and working together with supporting enterprises to achieve better technological innovation performance. Besides, host manufacturers could also evaluate the motivation and ability conditions of supporting enterprises, and select supporting enterprises with stronger innovativeness, long-term cooperation orientation, and technical competence for technological innovation. Secondly, as the main engine of core technologies, key components, and important links, supporting enterprises should maintain a high sensitivity to the external environment in the face of new innovation needs, fully identify and utilize opportunities to obtain market information and innovation resources and promote innovation in core technologies and key components by deepening communication and feedback during the process of collaboration. Supporting enterprises need to be more proactive and continue to enhance their innovativeness, long-term cooperation orientation, and technical competence to meet innovation needs.

Key words: collaboration between host manufacturers and supporting enterprises, supporting enterprises, technological innovation, MOA theory

中图分类号:

F273.1

王昶, 孙运梅, 何琪, 邓婵. 主配协同何以促进配套企业技术创新?[J]. 科学学研究, 2024, 42(1): 183-193.

WANG Chang, SUN Yun-mei, HE Qi, DENG Chan. How can the collaboration between host manufacturers and supporting enterprises promote supporting enterprises’ technological innovation?[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2024, 42(1): 183-193.

图/表 11

参考文献 29

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样本特征	分类	样本量	占比	样本特征	分类	样本量	占比
	国有企业	174	34.05%		≤5年	37	7.24%
	集体企业	19	3.72%		6-10年	100	19.57%
企业性质	民营企业	260	50.88%	企业年限	11-15年	117	22.90%
	外资企业	32	6.26%		16-20年	120	23.48%
	合资企业	18	3.52%		>20年	137	26.81%
	其他	8	1.57%
	<3%	239	46.77%		材料厂商	184	27.84%
企业研发投入比例	3%-5%	172	33.66%	企业类别	零部件/元器件厂商	250	37.82%
	>5%	100	19.57%		核心部件厂商	227	34.34%
企业规模	<20人	12	2.35%	企业规模	300-999人	178	34.83%
	20-299人	160	31.31%		≥1000人	161	31.51%

样本特征	分类	样本量	占比	样本特征	分类	样本量	占比
	国有企业	174	34.05%		≤5年	37	7.24%
	集体企业	19	3.72%		6-10年	100	19.57%
企业性质	民营企业	260	50.88%	企业年限	11-15年	117	22.90%
	外资企业	32	6.26%		16-20年	120	23.48%
	合资企业	18	3.52%		>20年	137	26.81%
	其他	8	1.57%
	<3%	239	46.77%		材料厂商	184	27.84%
企业研发投入比例	3%-5%	172	33.66%	企业类别	零部件/元器件厂商	250	37.82%
	>5%	100	19.57%		核心部件厂商	227	34.34%
企业规模	<20人	12	2.35%	企业规模	300-999人	178	34.83%
	20-299人	160	31.31%		≥1000人	161	31.51%

变量与题项	因子载荷	信度系数Cronbach’s α	CR	AVE
主机企业参与的协同创新		0.933	0.933	0.777
主机企业经常向我们提供需求信息、资源和技术支持。	0.894
主机企业经常和我们交流新产品研发事宜。	0.874
主机企业充分参与了新产品研发流程。	0.871
主机企业和我们之间有频繁的互动。	0.887
配套企业技术创新绩效		0.935	0.935	0.741
与协同前相比,专利申请数不断增加。	0.868	0.935	0.935	0.741
与协同前相比,新产品的数量不断增加。	0.859
与协同前相比,产品开发的进程不断加快。	0.861
与协同前相比,创新产品的成功率不断提升。	0.859
与协同前相比,新产品产值占销售总额的比重不断增加。	0.858
创新精神		0.967	0.967	0.854
我们愿意积极响应主机企业的创新需求。	0.934
我们经常会提出一些挑战常规思想的新创意。	0.918
我们反复试验一些重要的新创意和新方法。	0.930
我们擅长优化或改进现有技术。	0.912
我们经常会改进现有的流程、规则和标准。	0.926
长期合作导向		0.958	0.958	0.852
我们会考虑与主机企业进行长期合作。	0.944
我们愿意投入时间和精力来发展与主机企业的长期关系。	0.902
我们和主机企业努力维持一种长期互惠关系。	0.937
我们和主机企业合作密切。	0.908
技术胜任力		0.959	0.959	0.886
我们公司的技术基础设施可胜任技术创新需求。	0.937
我们公司拥有的技术知识能胜任技术创新需求。	0.928
我们公司的研发团队能胜任技术创新需求。	0.958
认知一致性		0.793	0.794	0.492
我们与主机企业拥有相似的企业文化和价值观。	0.760
我们与主机企业拥有相似的管理风格。	0.682
我们与主机企业拥有共同的目标。	0.643
我们与主机企业拥有一致的业务愿景。	0.715

变量与题项	因子载荷	信度系数Cronbach’s α	CR	AVE
主机企业参与的协同创新		0.933	0.933	0.777
主机企业经常向我们提供需求信息、资源和技术支持。	0.894
主机企业经常和我们交流新产品研发事宜。	0.874
主机企业充分参与了新产品研发流程。	0.871
主机企业和我们之间有频繁的互动。	0.887
配套企业技术创新绩效		0.935	0.935	0.741
与协同前相比,专利申请数不断增加。	0.868	0.935	0.935	0.741
与协同前相比,新产品的数量不断增加。	0.859
与协同前相比,产品开发的进程不断加快。	0.861
与协同前相比,创新产品的成功率不断提升。	0.859
与协同前相比,新产品产值占销售总额的比重不断增加。	0.858
创新精神		0.967	0.967	0.854
我们愿意积极响应主机企业的创新需求。	0.934
我们经常会提出一些挑战常规思想的新创意。	0.918
我们反复试验一些重要的新创意和新方法。	0.930
我们擅长优化或改进现有技术。	0.912
我们经常会改进现有的流程、规则和标准。	0.926
长期合作导向		0.958	0.958	0.852
我们会考虑与主机企业进行长期合作。	0.944
我们愿意投入时间和精力来发展与主机企业的长期关系。	0.902
我们和主机企业努力维持一种长期互惠关系。	0.937
我们和主机企业合作密切。	0.908
技术胜任力		0.959	0.959	0.886
我们公司的技术基础设施可胜任技术创新需求。	0.937
我们公司拥有的技术知识能胜任技术创新需求。	0.928
我们公司的研发团队能胜任技术创新需求。	0.958
认知一致性		0.793	0.794	0.492
我们与主机企业拥有相似的企业文化和价值观。	0.760
我们与主机企业拥有相似的管理风格。	0.682
我们与主机企业拥有共同的目标。	0.643
我们与主机企业拥有一致的业务愿景。	0.715

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
主机企业参与的协同创新	0.881
配套企业技术创新绩效	0.353^***	0.861
创新精神	-0.065^*	0.179^***	0.924
长期合作导向	-0.134^***	0.180^***	0.406^***	0.923
技术胜任力	-0.143^***	0.121^***	0.418^***	0.377^***	0.941
认知一致性	0.114^***	0.090^***	0.031	0.043^*	0.008	0.701
均值	3.465	3.05	3.519	3.862	3.649	4.321
标准差	0.745	0.828	0.858	0.848	0.946	0.568