Abstract: Abstract：This study aims to establish a framework for identifying the key security risks of generative AI in China, particularly in the context of the ongoing technological decoupling between China and the United States. It seeks to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for navigating the increasingly complex global technological environment. Through a layered analysis of foundational, technical, and application levels, this study constructs an analytical framework for evaluating the factors influencing the development of generative AI technology in China. Key technological characteristics such as computing power, data, and algorithms are considered, and expert knowledge is utilized to analyze and assess the identified risk factors. The identified security risks include limitations in computing power, data, and development tools at the foundational level; restrictions on model algorithms, computing architectures, and open-source platforms at the technical level; and challenges in market expansion and security thresholds at the application level. The study recommends establishing a coordinated national strategy to develop a response that ensures foundational autonomy, technical integration, and application-driven needs, thereby securing China's strategic position in global AI competition.