人-动物嵌合体研究的技术-伦理张力

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人-动物嵌合体研究伦理争议日渐进入公众视野。为确保这一颠覆性技术的健康有序发展,相关伦理问题亟需厘清、解析、评估和预判。以往大多数关于人-动物嵌合体的伦理治理分析都是基于与技术发展实际情况脱节的伦理考量,导致“空中楼阁”式的研究现状。对于前沿技术的伦理探讨,应依托于处于该领域领先地位的科研团队,基于现阶段的真实技术发展进行哲学思考。本文结合人-动物嵌合体研究领域技术瓶颈和风险,以胡塞尔本体论、康德哲学、错误知觉理论、海德格尔存在论为理论依据,对相关伦理问题进行了系统的深度剖析。同时,我们根据技术突破与伦理问题之间的动态关系,对该领域的伦理风险进行预测,以期为将来的研究提供有益参考。

关键词: 人-动物嵌合体, 生命科学伦理, 技术风险, 伦理风险

Abstract:

The development of human - animal chimeras has consistently been accompanied by ethical controversies. For this groundbreaking technique to advance scientifically and systematically, it is imperative to urgently anticipate, analyze, evaluate, and clarifythe associated ethical issues. As the technological barriers of this field are gradually overcome in the future, more pronounced ethicalcontroversies and risks will emerge. This is particularly true when chimeras involve non - human primates, as these controversies become even more profound. However, previous examinations of the ethical issues and governance of human - animal chimerashave primarily occurred in ethical dialogues that are disconnected from the practical context of technological advancement, resulting inwhat can be termed as “ivory tower” research. A comprehensive integration of technological considerations into discussions regardingthe ethical dimensions of human - animal chimeras research becomes both pressing and indispensable.

This paper, rooted in the technological barriers and risks within the realm of human - animal chimera research, draws uponthe theoretical foundations of Husserl’s formal ontology, Kant’s philosophy, theory of misperception and Heideggerian existentialism.Through comprehensive analysis, the ethicalcomplexities inherent in the current stage of human - animal chimera research encompass several critical facets. These include a lack ofwell - defined concepts and standardized frameworks, ethical hazards intertwined with human consciousness concerns, the potential encroachment upon human dignity ( currently latent but foreseeable), disputes concerning the moral status of human - animal chimeras,regulatory intricacies, ethical concerns regarding reproduction ( requiring further theoretical exploration), issues regarding the rights ofresearch participants, challenges associated with public opinion and instinctual aversion, safeguarding the welfare of experimental animals, and biosafety concerns.

Moreover, by closely examining the dynamic interplay between technological advancements and ethical considerations, it becomesevident that precise oversight, monitoring, and tracking of the differentiation trajectory of human stem cells assume paramount significance in mitigating the most pressing ethical risks. A mere escalation in the proportion of human cells within chimeras is liable to exacerbate a multitude of ethical challenges; meaningful progress necessitates the collective resolution of other concurrent technological bottlenecks. The mastery of technical obstacles pertaining to transplantation also holds the potential to alleviate specific ethical quandaries.

In short, incorporating the ongoing advancements in tangible technological progress into the ethical investigation of human - animalchimeras, coupled with rigorous philosophical scrutiny, serves to illuminate, analyse, and pinpoint the authentic ethical hazards withinthis domain. This endeavour not only aids in elucidating intricacies and solidifying a robust ethical underpinning at the vanguard oftransformative life sciences but also propels the trajectory of human - animal chimeras technology toward a constructive and methodicaltrajectory. As technology continues to evolve, the prospect of new ethical challenges arising in the future remains plausible. Consequently, the ethical framework surrounding human - animal chimeras research necessitates further enhancement and refinement to ensure its alignment with evolving circumstances.

Key words: human-animal chimera, ethics of life science, technical risk, ethical risk

中图分类号:

丁璐璐, 赵思琪, 彭耀进. 人-动物嵌合体研究的技术-伦理张力[J]. 科学学研究, 2024, 42(1): 46-53.

DING Lu-lu, ZHAO Si-qi, PENG Yao-jin. Tension between technology and ethics of human-animal chimera research[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2024, 42(1): 46-53.

图/表 1

参考文献 31

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