关键词: 科技伦理, 阿西洛马会议, 专家预警, 共识机制

Abstract: The ethical governance of risky emerging technologies poses significant challenges. Although China has introduced policies such as the Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics, these norms primarily apply to post-consensus governance stages and fail to effectively address ethical issues during the controversy phase. The Asilomar Conference in the 1970s is regarded as a model for resolving ethical disputes in technology. Existing research mainly attributes its success to the expert warning model, overlooking the underlying consensus-building process.By analyzing three classic consensus models and their limitations, this study identifies the key challenges in forming consensus: addressing uncertainty and determining who should lead and coordinate the process. Through an examination of the Asilomar Conference's consensus-reaching process, the research finds that ethical consensus in technology should be expert-led yet involve multiple stakeholders. Experts should be reflective "owl" scientists, institutional constraints facilitate consensus formation, and the final consensus solution must maintain flexibility.

Key words: ethics of S&T,, Asilomar Conference,, expert warning model,, consensus mechanism